Glossary of Catholic Terms

An Aramaic word for "Father," expressing a child's intimate trust, used by Jesus in addressing God. Through the Holy Spirit, the baptized share His filial relationship and may also cry out, "Abba! Father!" (Mark 14:36, Romans 8:15, Galatians 4:6).

CCC 683, 742, 2605, 2766

The superior of an autonomous community of nuns (an abbey), usually elected by the community according to its rule and constitutions. She receives a liturgical blessing from the bishop, which is not ordination, and governs her community in spiritual and temporal matters.

CCC 1672

A priest who exercises ecclesiastical jurisdiction over a monastery or religious community of monks, similar in leadership to a bishop over a diocese.

Deliberate termination of pregnancy by killing the unborn child. Direct abortion, willed either as an end or a means, is gravely contrary to the moral law, and the Church attaches the canonical penalty of excommunication to this crime against human life.

CCC 2271-2272

The Old Testament patriarch with whom God established a covenant, promising land and countless descendants. Abraham served as the father in faith for Israel and for all Christians, preparing the way for Christ, in whom all nations are blessed.

CCC 59, 72, 145, 2570

The act by which an ordained priest, acting in the person of Christ (in persona Christi) and by authority granted to the Church, grants divine forgiveness of sins to a repentant penitent in the Sacrament of Reconciliation.

CCC 1424, 1442, 1449

Refraining from eating meat or specified foods on designated penitential days (such as Ash Wednesday and Fridays during Lent) as a spiritual discipline and act of interior penance.

CCC 1438, 2043

A state of spiritual sloth, apathy, or listlessness regarding divine love and heavenly goods; one of the seven capital sins.

CCC 1866, 2094, 2733

A liturgical minister instituted to assist the priest and deacon at the altar during Mass and other liturgical rites. While formally instituted acolytes are traditionally candidates for Holy Orders or installed laymen, altar servers also fulfill this role.

CCC 903, 1672

A prayer in which the penitent expresses sorrow for sin, above all for having offended God who is all good, and firmly resolves with His grace to sin no more and to avoid the occasions of sin. It is said in the Sacrament of Penance before absolution and is fitting in daily prayer.

CCC 1451-1453

A temporary, supernatural help from God that enlightens the mind and strengthens the human will to perform a good action, resist temptation, or avoid sin.

CCC 1996, 2000

Any willful thought, word, deed, desire, or omission forbidden by the law of God, committed by a person with the use of reason (contrasted with Original Sin).

CCC 1849-1850, 1853

From the Latin ad limina Apostolorum, "to the thresholds of the Apostles"; the visit that diocesan bishops are obliged to make to Rome, ordinarily every five years, to venerate the tombs of Saints Peter and Paul, meet the Pope, and report on the state of their dioceses.

According to Genesis, the first human being, created in original holiness and justice. Through Adam's disobedience ("original sin"), humanity lost this original grace. Christ is called the "New Adam" because He restores humanity through His perfect obedience.

CCC 359, 375, 402-404, 504

The highest worship and praise due to God alone (latria), acknowledging Him as Creator, Savior, and Lord. Eucharistic Adoration specifically refers to the practice of praying directly before Jesus Christ, truly present in the Holy Eucharist.

CCC 2096, 2628

Marital infidelity, or sexual relations between two individuals where at least one is married to someone else; forbidden absolutely by the Sixth Commandment.

CCC 2380, 2381

The four-week liturgical season of prayerful preparation preceding Christmas, beginning after the Feast of Christ the King. It possesses a twofold character: preparing for the Second Coming of Christ in glory and celebrating His first coming at the Incarnation.

CCC 524

One who pleads or intercedes on behalf of another; a title applied to Jesus Christ, our heavenly Intercessor, and to the Holy Spirit (Paraclete).

CCC 692, 2634

The self-giving, unconditional divine love that seeks the supreme good of others, reflecting God's own nature and inner life (1 John 4:8).

CCC 218-221

One of the four traditional qualities of a glorified body following the final resurrection, enabling it to move effortlessly according to the soul's desire.

CCC 645, 999

(pronounced AH-nyoos DEH-ee) Latin for "Lamb of God"; a title applied to Jesus Christ (John 1:29). Refers both to the liturgical invocation sung before Holy Communion during Mass and to a blessed wax emblem bearing the image of a lamb.

CCC 608

A long, white linen garment worn by priests, deacons, and liturgical ministers, recalling the white robe received at Baptism and symbolizing purity of soul.

CCC 1269

A Holy Day of Obligation celebrated on November 1st to honor all the saints in Heaven, both known and unknown.

CCC 954-959

Commemorated on November 2nd as a day of solemn prayer and Mass offerings for all the faithful departed undergoing purification in Purgatory.

CCC 1032

A joyful Hebrew acclamation meaning "Praise the Lord," sung or proclaimed before the Reading of the Gospel during Mass (omitted during Lent).

Possessing infinite power, wisdom, and authority; an essential attribute belonging to God alone.

CCC 268-274

Money, food, or resources given to the poor as an act of fraternal charity, justice, and interior penance.

CCC 1434, 2447

The first and last letters of the Greek alphabet, applied to Jesus Christ to signify that He is the beginning, center, and ultimate fulfillment of all creation (Revelation 1:8).

CCC 668

The sacred table in the sanctuary upon which the Sacrifice of the Mass is offered. It represents both the altar of Christ's sacrifice on the cross and the table of the Eucharistic banquet.

CCC 1182, 1383

An elevated lectern, podium, or pulpit in the sanctuary from which Sacred Scripture is proclaimed, the homily is delivered, and announcements or intercessions are made during Mass.

CCC 1184

A secure niche or cabinet in a church where the three holy oils blessed by the bishop at the Chrism Mass (Oil of the Sick, Oil of Catechumens, and Sacred Chrism) are kept.

A Hebrew word meaning "truly," "so be it," or "it is true." Used at the end of prayers, creeds, and Eucharistic acclamations to signify personal assent and faith.

CCC 1061-1065, 2856

A square white linen cloth worn around the neck and shoulders by clergy beneath the alb, historically symbolizing the "helmet of salvation."

The spiritual sense of Sacred Scripture that interprets biblical events in light of their eternal significance, leading believers toward Heaven.

CCC 117

The inner harmony and coherence that exists among all the truths of divine revelation defined by the Church.

CCC 114

The liturgical commemoration and "remembrance" of God's saving acts in salvation history, particularly Christ's Passion, Resurrection, and Ascension made present in the Mass.

CCC 1103, 1354, 1362

The Eucharistic Prayer, the central prayer of thanksgiving and consecration during the Mass.

CCC 1352

A formal condemnation or excommunication issued by the Church regarding opinions or teachings directly opposed to Catholic dogma.

A purely spiritual, personal, and immortal creature endowed with intelligence and free will, serving as a messenger and servant of God.

CCC 328-336

A traditional Catholic prayer commemorating the Incarnation of Christ, recited three times daily (6 a.m., 12 p.m., 6 p.m.) accompanied by the ringing of church bells.

An uncontrolled passion or desire for revenge; when unchecked by reason, it becomes one of the seven capital sins.

CCC 1765, 1866, 2262

An official declaration by a Catholic ecclesiastical tribunal that a marriage was invalid from its inception due to a lack of essential conditions, freedom, or canonical form.

CCC 1629

The visit of the Archangel Gabriel to the Virgin Mary on March 25th (nine months before Christmas) to obtain her consent to God's plan that she become the Mother of the Savior Jesus Christ through the Holy Spirit (Luke 1:26-38).

CCC 484, 494

To anoint is to pour or rub oil on a person as a sign of consecration, healing, or strength. In Israel kings, priests, and sometimes prophets were anointed; Jesus is the Anointed One (Messiah, Christ) of the Holy Spirit, and Christians share His anointing in Baptism, Confirmation, and Holy Orders.

CCC 436, 695, 1294

The liturgical application of consecrated oil on a person or sacred object, symbolizing the gift of the Holy Spirit, healing, or dedication to sacred service.

CCC 695, 1289

One of the Seven Sacraments of Healing, administered by a priest to a baptized Christian facing serious illness, major surgery, or old age, conferring spiritual comfort, peace, physical healing, and the forgiveness of sins.

CCC 1499-1532

An ultimate false messianic movement or figure mentioned in Sacred Scripture that exalts human achievement over God, preceding Christ's Second Coming.

CCC 675-677

A short sentence, verse, or refrain chanted or sung before and after a psalm or canticle during liturgical worship.

A genre of biblical literature revealing hidden divine truths through vivid imagery; specifically refers to the Book of Revelation.

CCC 677

Books or writings of uncertain authorship or lacking canonical authority. In Protestant usage, refers to books Catholics call Deuterocanonical; in Catholic usage, refers to non-inspired ancient writings omitted from the biblical canon.

The branch of Christian theology dedicated to explaining, defending, and giving a reasoned justification (apologia) for the Catholic faith.

CCC 156

A way of approaching God by articulating what He is not, acknowledging that the divine essence infinitely transcends human language and concepts.

CCC 230

The total rejection and repudiation of the Christian faith by a baptized person.

CCC 2089

One of the twelve men chosen directly by Jesus Christ to be His primary witnesses, sent forth to preach the Gospel and lay the foundation of the Church.

CCC 857-860

An ancient summary of Christian belief developed from the early baptismal liturgy of the Church in Rome.

CCC 194

The activity and organization of the Christian directed toward serving, spreading the Gospel, and extending Christ's kingdom across the world.

CCC 863

Pertaining to the Apostles, their authority, teachings, or succession maintained by the Church.

CCC 857

A prelate, usually a bishop, appointed by the Holy See to govern a particular church in the Pope's name, either temporarily (when a diocese is vacant or its bishop is impeded) or stably, in a territory called an apostolic administration that has not yet been erected as a diocese.

A special blessing imparted by the Pope, or by a bishop or priest with papal delegation, often granted at the hour of death accompanied by a plenary indulgence.

A pastoral message issued by a Pope or Bishop offering encouragement and clear direction on a specific issue or aspect of Christian living.

The Christian writers of the late first and early second centuries who knew the Apostles or their immediate disciples, such as Saint Clement of Rome, Saint Ignatius of Antioch, and Saint Polycarp of Smyrna. Their writings, together with works like the Didache, are precious witnesses to the faith, worship, and order of the early Church.

A formal papal document issued by the Pope addressing specific doctrinal, administrative, or pastoral matters.

The official diplomatic embassy of the Holy See in a specific nation.

A diplomat, usually with the rank of archbishop, who represents the Pope both to the government of a country and to the Catholic Church there. He strengthens the bonds between the Holy See and the local bishops and assists in the process of selecting candidates for the episcopate.

A portion of the People of God, usually in mission territory, not yet established as a diocese, and entrusted to a prefect apostolic, often a priest rather than a bishop, who governs it in the name of the Pope. It is ordinarily an early stage toward a vicariate or diocese.

The unbroken line of sacred preaching and authority handed down from the Apostles to Catholic bishops through the laying on of hands in Holy Orders.

CCC 77, 861

The living transmission of the Gospel that the Apostles received from Christ and the Holy Spirit and handed on by their preaching, example, and institutions; the bishops, their successors, preserve it. Together with Sacred Scripture it forms the one deposit of faith, and it is distinct from local customs and lesser traditions.

CCC 76-78, 83

A portion of the People of God, usually in mission territory, not yet established as a diocese and entrusted to a vicar apostolic, ordinarily a titular bishop, who governs it in the name of the Pope. Many vicariates later become dioceses as the local Church matures.

A supernatural manifestation of Christ, the Virgin Mary, an angel, or a saint to individuals on earth.

CCC 67

The semicircular or polygonal recess, often vaulted, at the end of a church behind or around the altar, traditionally at the east end. In ancient basilicas the bishop's chair stood in the apse with a bench for the presbyters, and the apse is often adorned with mosaics or paintings of Christ.

A high-ranking angel entrusted with solemn, pivotal messages in salvation history (e.g., Saints Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael).

CCC 335

A bishop who governs an archdiocese, often serving as the Metropolitan of an ecclesiastical province overseeing neighboring dioceses.

A diocese given the rank of archdiocese and governed by an archbishop. Most archdioceses are metropolitan sees, heading an ecclesiastical province of neighboring dioceses, though some are not; the title gives honor and certain duties but no authority over the internal government of other dioceses.

In the Eastern Catholic Churches, an eparchy whose bishop holds the title of archbishop (archeparch). It is often the metropolitan see of an ecclesiastical province, corresponding to an archdiocese in the Latin Church.

A private repository maintained by a diocese or religious community to preserve church history, administrative documents, and sacramental registers.

A title of precedence among priests. In the Latin Church it may designate a dean (vicar forane) who coordinates a group of parishes, and the cardinals who head the major papal basilicas bear the title; in Eastern Churches it is an honorary rank conferred on senior priests.

The gold-covered chest of acacia wood made at God's command in the desert, holding the tablets of the Law and topped by the mercy seat with two cherubim; it was the sign of God's presence among Israel. Christian tradition sees in Mary the Ark of the New Covenant, in whom the Lord dwelt (Exodus 25:10-22).

CCC 2130, 2578, 2676

The entry of Jesus' humanity into divine glory in Heaven forty days (six weeks) after His Resurrection.

CCC 659-667

The practice of self-denial, spiritual discipline, mortification, and fasting undertaken to grow in holiness and overcome sinful inclinations.

CCC 2015

The divine attribute of God existing in and of Himself, dependent on no other cause or creator.

CCC 213

The first day of the penitential season of Lent, marked by fasting, abstinence, and the imposition of ashes on the forehead as a public sign of repentance and human mortality.

CCC 1438

The rite of sprinkling holy water upon the congregation or sacred objects, using a perforated vessel or brush called an aspergillium.

A brief, fervent prayer uttered mentally or aloud throughout the day to elevate the heart to God.

CCC 2688

The gathered congregation of the faithful participating in a liturgical service.

CCC 1140

A priest assigned to assist the pastor in the care and administration of a parish.

The Catholic dogma declared in 1950 recognizing Mary's singular participation in her Son's Resurrection, by which she was taken up body and soul into heavenly glory on August 15th.

CCC 966

The denial or rejection of the existence of God; a violation of the First Commandment.

CCC 2124-2126

The reconciliation of God and humanity accomplished through the sacrificial death and resurrection of Jesus Christ.

CCC 613-618

An essential quality or perfection belonging to God's infinite nature, such as eternal existence, omnipotence, omniscience, and unchangeability.

CCC 212-213, 268

Sorrow for sin motivated primarily by fear of God's punishment or the ugliness of sin, rather than pure love for God.

CCC 1453

One or more additional bishops assigned to a diocese by the Pope to assist the diocesan bishop in governing and pastoring the local Church.

The principal Marian prayer, joining the greetings of the angel Gabriel and of Elizabeth to a petition for Mary's intercession: "Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners, now and at the hour of our death." It forms the heart of the Rosary and the Angelus (Luke 1:28, 42).

CCC 2676-2677

A sweet-smelling resin derived from aromatic plants, mixed with olive oil by the bishop to create Sacred Chrism.

Public announcements made in a parish church prior to a wedding to ensure there are no canonical impediments to the union.

The foundational Sacrament of Initiation that cleanses original and personal sin, incorporates a person into the Body of Christ, and welcomes them into the Church.

CCC 1213-1274

The grace of Baptism received by an unbaptized person who suffers martyrdom for the Christian faith.

CCC 1258

The grace of Baptism conferred on an unbaptized person who possesses explicit or implicit sorrow for sin, perfect charity, and the desire to fulfill God's will when sacramental Baptism is impossible.

CCC 1259

The feast commemorating Jesus' baptism by John in the Jordan, when the Holy Spirit descended upon Him like a dove and the Father proclaimed Him His beloved Son. In the Roman Rite it closes the Christmas season; in the Eastern Churches it is celebrated as the Theophany on January 6 (Matthew 3:13-17).

CCC 535-536, 1224

A permanent vessel or basin in a church containing the water used for celebrating the Sacrament of Baptism.

CCC 1185

The renunciation of sin and Satan and the profession of faith made at Baptism, by the candidate or, for an infant, by parents and godparents. The faithful renew them each year at Easter, and confirmands renew them in the celebration of Confirmation.

CCC 1237, 1254, 1298

Small communities of Catholics, especially widespread in Latin America, Africa, and Asia, who gather regularly for prayer, the reading of Scripture, mutual support, and service of their neighbors. The Church commends them as a hope for evangelization when they remain united with their parish, their bishop, and the universal Church.

A designation of honor granted by the Pope to specific church buildings due to exceptional historical, architectural, or liturgical significance.

The direct, face-to-face contemplation and ultimate enjoyment of God in Heaven experienced by the saints and angels.

CCC 1023, 1028

A formal papal declaration permitting local veneration of a deceased faithful person, bestowing the title "Blessed," the final step before canonization.

The teachings of Jesus in the Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5:3-12) outlining the spiritual conditions and moral attitudes that bring true eternal happiness in God's kingdom.

CCC 1716-1724

A biblical title given to Satan, the prince of demons.

CCC 391

In the Byzantine tradition, the raised sanctuary behind the iconostasis where the altar stands. In the Syriac tradition, the word designates a raised platform in the middle of the nave from which the Liturgy of the Word is celebrated; the term also names the reading platform of a synagogue.

A liturgical devotional service in which the priest blesses the assembled congregation with the exposed Eucharist displayed in a monstrance.

CCC 1378

A long vestment draped over the shoulders and hands of a priest or deacon when holding the monstrance during Eucharistic Benediction.

The historic town in Judea where Jesus Christ was born in a stable, fulfilling messianic prophecy.

CCC 525

The inspired collection of 73 canonical books (46 Old Testament, 27 New Testament) that record God's salvation history and divine revelation for humanity.

CCC 101-133

Renderings of Sacred Scripture from the original Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek into other languages, such as the Greek Septuagint and Saint Jerome's Latin Vulgate. Catholic editions contain all seventy-three books and require approval by Church authority; translations for liturgical use are approved by the bishops and confirmed by the Holy See.

(From Greek episkopos, "overseer") A successor to the Apostles appointed by the Pope who possesses the fullness of Holy Orders and serves as the chief shepherd, teacher, and governor of a diocese.

CCC 1560, 1594

The title of a diocesan or auxiliary bishop whose resignation from office has been accepted by the Pope. Diocesan bishops are asked to submit their resignation at age seventy-five, or earlier for illness or another grave reason; a bishop emeritus remains a bishop and a member of the College of Bishops.

The permanent assembly of the bishops of a nation or territory, who jointly exercise certain pastoral functions for the faithful there, such as approving liturgical translations. Its general decrees bind only in cases set by law or by mandate of the Holy See, and after review by it.

CCC 887

Uttering words of hatred, reproach, defiance, or disrespect against God, the Church, or sacred things.

CCC 2148

A title given to the Holy Eucharist reserved in the tabernacle for adoration or distribution to the sick, containing the true Body, Blood, Soul, and Divinity of Jesus Christ.

CCC 1330, 1378

The official title bestowed upon a deceased member of the faithful who has been beatified by the Pope, permitting public veneration on the pathway to canonization.

A divine and life-giving action whose source is the Father; in response, man blesses God in adoration and thanksgiving. As a sacramental, a blessing praises God and asks His gifts for persons, meals, objects, or places, usually with the Sign of the Cross; some are reserved to the ordained.

CCC 1078, 1669, 1671-1672

The liturgical book containing the Gospel readings proclaimed by a deacon or priest during Mass.

A metallic vessel used to hold burning charcoal for burning incense during liturgical services.

The physical elements of unleavened wheat bread and pure grape wine transformed during Mass into the Body and Blood of Christ.

CCC 1333-1336

The liturgical action performed by the priest before Communion, recalling Christ's actions at the Last Supper and symbolizing unity among believers.

CCC 1329, 1383

From the Latin breviarium, "summary"; the book containing the texts of the Liturgy of the Hours, including psalms, canticles, hymns, readings, and prayers for each day and hour. It is used by clergy and religious obliged to pray the Office and by many lay faithful.

One of the four qualities of a glorified body following the resurrection, causing it to shine with heavenly splendor and light.

CCC 999

A man who belongs to a religious institute and has professed the evangelical counsels of poverty, chastity, and obedience, but is not ordained and is not preparing for the priesthood. Brothers serve through prayer, community life, and works such as teaching, nursing, and care of the poor; some institutes consist entirely of brothers.

An official, formal decree or document issued by the Pope, traditionally sealed with a lead stamp (bulla).

The sin of harming another person's reputation by spreading false statements or lies.

CCC 2477, 2479

The hill outside the walls of Jerusalem where Jesus Christ was crucified for the salvation of the world.

CCC 616

In Christian initiation, a person who is already validly baptized in another Christian denomination (or an uncatechized Catholic) who is preparing for full reception into communion with the Catholic Church through a profession of faith, Confirmation, and Holy Eucharist.

The feast on February 2, forty days after Christmas, commemorating Mary and Joseph's presentation of the infant Jesus in the Temple, where Simeon hailed Him as "a light for revelation to the Gentiles." Candles are blessed and carried in procession; the Byzantine tradition calls the feast the Meeting (Luke 2:22-38).

CCC 529

Lights used in the liturgy and in devotion as signs of Christ, the Light of the world, and of faith, prayer, and joy. Candles are placed on or near the altar at Mass, carried in processions, and given at Baptism, lit from the Paschal candle to signify that Christ has enlightened the newly baptized.

CCC 1154, 1189, 1243

A rule, standard, or official list. Refers to the official collection of inspired books of the Bible (Canon of Scripture), the body of Church law, or the principal Eucharistic prayer of the Mass.

CCC 120

The body of ecclesiastical laws and norms governing good order and discipline in the visible society of the Catholic Church.

The complete list of the books that the Church, guided by apostolic Tradition, recognizes as divinely inspired Sacred Scripture: forty-six books of the Old Testament and twenty-seven of the New. It was taught by early councils and solemnly defined by the Council of Trent.

CCC 120, 138

The ancient Eucharistic Prayer of the Roman Rite, for centuries its only Eucharistic Prayer and now Eucharistic Prayer I of the Roman Missal. "Canon" means "rule," referring to its fixed text, which commemorates the Virgin Mary, the Apostles, and many early martyrs.

CCC 1352-1354

The solemn declaration by the Pope that a deceased member of the faithful lived a life of heroic virtue or suffered martyrdom, is in Heaven, and is proposed as an intercessor and model of holiness for universal veneration.

CCC 828

A song of praise found in Sacred Scripture outside the Book of Psalms, such as the Canticle of Moses, the Canticle of Daniel, or the Magnificat. In the Liturgy of the Hours, the Benedictus is sung at Morning Prayer, the Magnificat at Evening Prayer, and the Nunc Dimittis at Night Prayer.

CCC 1196, 2619

A lay or ordained minister who leads the congregation in singing scripture, hymns, and responses during the liturgy.

The seven primary moral vices that engender other sins: pride, covetousness (greed), lust, anger (wrath), gluttony, envy, and sloth (acedia).

CCC 1866

A high-ranking prelate appointed by the Pope to serve in the College of Cardinals, advising the Holy See and electing new Popes during a Conclave.

The cardinal who, in the name of the Pope as Bishop of Rome, exercises the ordinary pastoral governance of the Diocese of Rome, assisted by auxiliary bishops. Vatican City has its own vicar general, distinct from the Cardinal Vicar.

The four principal moral virtues upon which all other human virtues hinge: prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance.

CCC 1805-1809

The days of festivity before Lent, culminating on Shrove Tuesday, called Mardi Gras ("Fat Tuesday"), the day before Ash Wednesday. Rooted in the custom of using up rich foods before the Lenten fast, it is a popular tradition rather than a liturgical observance.

A full-length ankle-level robe worn as ecclesiastical dress by clergy and altar servers (black for priests, violet for bishops, red for cardinals, white for the Pope).

In moral theology, the method of resolving particular cases of conscience by applying general moral principles to concrete circumstances. Rightly used, it helps confessors and the faithful form prudent judgments; when it loses sight of the virtues and the call to holiness, it can become legalistic or lax.

Underground burial galleries, chiefly outside the walls of ancient Rome, where early Christians buried their dead and honored the martyrs, especially on the anniversaries of their deaths. Their inscriptions and paintings are among the earliest witnesses to Christian faith and art.

Systematic religious instruction and spiritual formation (from the Greek for "teaching") oriented toward introducing believers into the fullness of Christian life and making them disciples of Jesus Christ.

CCC 4-10

Relating to the methods, theories, and practice of religious teaching and instruction.

CCC 4-6

The age of reason (traditionally around seven years old) at which a child is considered capable of moral responsibility, personal faith discernment, and receiving the Sacraments of Initiation.

A compendium or comprehensive summary of Catholic doctrine regarding faith, morals, sacraments, and prayer intended for popular use and catechesis.

CCC 11-12

The official compendium of Catholic doctrine promulgated by Pope John Paul II in 1992 as an authoritative reference for faith and morals.

A member of the faithful, most often a layperson, who teaches the faith in the name of the Church, preparing children, youth, and adults for the sacraments and accompanying their growth in Christian life. In 2021 Pope Francis instituted the lay ministry of catechist for the universal Church.

An unbaptized person preparing for entry into the Catholic Church through the Sacraments of Initiation (Baptism, Confirmation, Eucharist).

CCC 1247-1249

The second extended period in the Order of Christian Initiation of Adults (OCIA) involving intense formation through God's Word, worship, community life, and apostolic service.

CCC 1230, 1247

The official chair of the bishop located in his cathedral, symbolizing his pastoral authority and teaching office within the diocese.

CCC 1558

The principal church of a diocese, housing the bishop's official cathedra.

Derived from Greek katholikos, meaning "universal" or "comprehensive." One of the four marks of the Church in the Nicene Creed, used since at least the early 2nd century (St. Ignatius of Antioch) to designate the universal Church founded by Christ.

CCC 830-835

The active participation and apostolic work of lay Catholics under the guidance and leadership of their bishops.

The one Church founded by Christ, which subsists in the Church governed by the successor of Peter and the bishops in communion with him. She is "catholic," meaning universal, because Christ is fully present in her and she is sent to all peoples; she comprises the Latin Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches.

CCC 816, 830-831

The seven New Testament letters of James, 1 and 2 Peter, 1, 2, and 3 John, and Jude. They are called "catholic," meaning universal, because most of them are addressed to the Church at large rather than to one local community or person.

The national assembly of Catholic bishops in Canada responsible for publishing ritual texts, liturgical translations, and pastoral directives.

The bishop or priest who presides over a liturgical assembly and consecrates the Eucharist.

CCC 1348

The seat in the sanctuary occupied by the presiding priest, representing his role of leading prayer and presiding over the worshiping assembly.

CCC 1184

The voluntary state of remaining unmarried for the sake of the Kingdom of Heaven, embraced by bishops, priests in the Latin Rite, and religious to dedicate themselves entirely to God.

CCC 1579, 1599

The sacred cup made of durable, precious material used to hold the wine that becomes the Precious Blood of Christ during Mass.

The diocesan official or curia employee responsible for gathering, safeguarding, and maintaining official archdiocesan archives, records, and sacramental registers, serving as the official notary on diocesan documents.

The administrative offices and executive headquarters of a diocese where the bishop and his curia oversee church administration.

A papal honor granted to a priest at the request of his bishop, carrying the title "Monsignor." Since 2014 it is the only such honor granted to diocesan priests, ordinarily to those who have reached sixty-five years of age.

A form of prayer, shorter than the Rosary, prayed on a string of beads with a set sequence of prayers, such as the Chaplet of Divine Mercy or the Chaplet of Saint Michael. The word, meaning "little crown," was formerly used also for a Rosary of five decades.

An indelible spiritual mark imprinted on the soul by the Sacraments of Baptism, Confirmation, and Holy Orders that can never be removed or repeated.

CCC 1121, 1272, 1304, 1581

A specific gift or grace granted by the Holy Spirit to an individual or community directly or indirectly benefiting the Church and humanity.

CCC 799-801, 951

A movement in the Catholic Church that began in 1967 and emphasizes a personal renewal in the Holy Spirit, openness to His charisms, praise, and prayer in groups. The Holy See promotes its unity and service through the body known as CHARIS.

The theological virtue by which we love God above all things for His own sake, and love our neighbor as ourselves for the love of God.

CCC 1822-1829

The moral virtue that aligns human sexuality with reason and God's design, disposing a person to purity of heart, mind, and body according to their state of life.

CCC 2337-2350

The outer, sleeveless vestment worn over the alb and stole by a priest or bishop when celebrating Mass, with colors corresponding to the liturgical season or feast.

An ancient Christian symbol (monogram) formed by overlapping the Greek letters Chi (X) and Rho (P), representing the first two letters of Christ's name in Greek (ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ).

A group of singers who lead and enrich the sung parts of the liturgy, exercising a genuine liturgical function. The word also designates the part of a church, between the nave and the sanctuary or around the altar, where clergy or religious gather to sing the Divine Office.

CCC 1143

Perfumed olive oil consecrated by the bishop at the Chrism Mass, used in Baptism, Confirmation, Holy Orders, and the dedication of altars and churches.

CCC 1289, 1297

The annual Mass celebrated during Holy Week by the bishop alongside his clergy, during which priests renew their ordination promises and holy oils are consecrated.

CCC 1297

The name used in the Eastern Churches for the Sacrament of Confirmation, conferred immediately after Baptism, even of infants, normally by the priest who baptizes, using myron consecrated by the bishop. Several parts of the body are anointed with the words, "The seal of the gift of the Holy Spirit".

CCC 1289-1292, 1300

The title applied to Jesus, from the Greek translation of the Hebrew Messiah, meaning "Anointed One".

CCC 436-440

The Solemnity of Our Lord Jesus Christ, King of the Universe, instituted by Pope Pius XI in 1925 and celebrated in the Roman Rite on the last Sunday of Ordinary Time, closing the liturgical year. It honors Christ as Lord of the cosmos and of history, who reigns by serving and by His Cross.

CCC 668, 786

A disciple and follower of Jesus Christ, incorporated into Christ through Baptism.

CCC 1241, 1289

The religion of those who believe in Jesus Christ, the eternal Son of God made man, who died and rose for the salvation of the world, and in the one God, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. It is not a "religion of the book" but of the Word incarnate and living.

CCC 108

The solemn feast celebrated on December 25th commemorating the birth and Incarnation of Jesus Christ.

CCC 525-526

A monogram or abbreviation of the name of Jesus or Christ, used in Christian art, on vestments, and on sacred objects. Examples include IHS, from the first letters of "Jesus" in Greek, the Chi-Rho, and the Byzantine IC XC.

The universal assembly of believers throughout the world, local communities (dioceses/parishes), and the physical building dedicated to public worship.

CCC 751-752

Early Christian writers, teachers, and bishops of the first several centuries (e.g., St. Ignatius, St. Justin Martyr, St. Athanasius, St. Augustine) whose teachings bear witness to Sacred Tradition.

CCC 688, 1094

A traditional blessing given to a mother after childbirth in thanksgiving for safe delivery and the blessing of new life.

A covered vessel, similar to a chalice or bowl, used to hold consecrated Hosts for Communion or for reservation in the tabernacle.

A cord or belt worn around the waist over the alb by priests, deacons, and altar servers.

The cutting away of the foreskin, given to Abraham as the sign of God's covenant. Jesus was circumcised on the eighth day, and this sign prefigures Baptism, the "circumcision of Christ." The Apostles taught that Gentile converts need not be circumcised (Genesis 17:10-12, Luke 2:21, Colossians 2:11-12).

CCC 527

Ordained ministers of the Catholic Church (deacons, priests, and bishops) who have received the Sacrament of Holy Orders.

CCC 873, 1554

An enclosed section of a monastery or convent reserved exclusively for religious monks or nuns devoted to prayer and contemplative life.

A bishop appointed by the Pope to assist a diocesan bishop in governing his diocese, with special faculties and the right of succession. He serves as vicar general and automatically becomes the diocesan bishop when the see becomes vacant.

The book of universal law for the Latin Church. The first Code was promulgated by Pope Benedict XV in 1917; it was replaced by the Code promulgated by Pope Saint John Paul II in 1983. The Eastern Catholic Churches follow the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches (1990).

The collective body of all validly ordained bishops in union with the Pope, possessing supreme teaching and governing authority over the universal Church.

CCC 880-887

The body of all the cardinals of the Church, who assist the Pope collegially in consistories and individually in their offices. Those under eighty years of age elect the Pope in conclave; the college is presided over by its dean and comprises three orders: bishops, priests, and deacons.

A required advisory committee composed of priests chosen from the presbyteral council to advise the diocesan bishop on significant financial and administrative decisions.

The principle that the bishops, as successors of the Apostles, form together with the Pope as their head a single college that holds supreme authority over the universal Church. It is exercised most solemnly in an ecumenical council and expressed in the shared concern of all the bishops for the whole Church.

CCC 877, 880-883

A divine norm or moral obligation promulgated by God (e.g., the Ten Commandments) or by the Church (Precepts of the Church).

CCC 2052

"The sum total of social conditions which allow people, either as groups or as individuals, to reach their fulfillment more fully and more easily." It requires respect for the person, social well-being and development, and peace, and all, especially those in authority, must work to promote it.

CCC 1905-1912

Our fellowship and union with Jesus Christ and other baptized believers through the reception of the Eucharist, which forms the source and summit of Christian life.

CCC 1382-1390

The unity in Christ of all the redeemed: those on earth (Church Militant), those undergoing purification in Purgatory (Church Suffering), and those glorified in Heaven (Church Triumphant).

CCC 946-959

The part of Mass following the Eucharistic Prayer, comprising the Lord's Prayer, the Rite of Peace, the Breaking of the Bread with the Lamb of God, the invitation to Communion, the reception of Holy Communion, and the Prayer after Communion.

CCC 1355

A liturgical service led by a deacon or trained lay minister in the absence of a priest, featuring the Liturgy of the Word and distribution of previously consecrated Hosts reserved in the tabernacle.

The chant or hymn sung while Holy Communion is distributed, beginning as the priest receives. It expresses the spiritual union of the communicants through the unity of their voices and the joy of their hearts; when there is no singing, the Communion antiphon may be recited.

The reception of Holy Communion under both species of bread and wine. Since Christ is wholly present under each species, Communion under the form of bread alone is complete, and it is the most common form in the Latin Church, but the sign of the Eucharistic meal is fuller under both kinds; Eastern Churches ordinarily give both.

CCC 1390

The truth that man and woman, equal in dignity as persons, are made for each other in their difference as masculine and feminine. Their physical, moral, and spiritual differences are ordered to communion, to the goods of marriage, and to the flourishing of family life and society (Genesis 2:18-24).

CCC 372, 2333

The celebration of one Mass by several priests or bishops together, who all consecrate the same offerings under one principal celebrant. It manifests the unity of the priesthood, of the sacrifice, and of the People of God; long practiced in the East, it was widely restored in the Latin Church after the Second Vatican Council.

The closed assembly of the cardinal electors, those under eighty years of age, gathered in the Sistine Chapel to elect a new Pope when the See of Rome is vacant. The name comes from the Latin cum clave, "with a key"; election requires a two-thirds majority.

The final part of Mass, comprising any brief announcements, the priest's greeting and blessing, the dismissal by the deacon or priest, and the veneration of the altar. The dismissal sends the faithful forth to do good works, praising and blessing God in their daily lives.

CCC 1332

A formal treaty or agreement between the Holy See and a sovereign government regarding Church rights and religious freedom.

The human inclination toward sin resulting from Original Sin, affecting human desires and passions.

CCC 1264, 1426, 2515

The verbal disclosure of one's sins to a priest in the Sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation.

CCC 1455-1458

The place in a church set apart for the Sacrament of Penance. Church law requires that a confessional with a fixed grille between penitent and confessor always be available for those who wish to use it, while many churches also allow face-to-face confession.

CCC 1185

A priest who hears confessions and grants absolution, having the faculty to do so. He is the servant, not the master, of God's forgiveness and is bound absolutely by the sacramental seal. In the liturgical tradition, "confessor" is also a title of saints who witnessed to the faith but were not martyrs.

CCC 1466-1467

A person preparing to receive, or receiving, the Sacrament of Confirmation. One who has reached the age of reason must profess the faith, be in the state of grace, intend to receive the sacrament, and be ready to serve as a disciple and witness to Christ.

CCC 1309-1310, 1319

The Sacrament of Initiation that completes baptismal grace, imprinting an indelible spiritual mark and sealing the recipient with the gifts of the Holy Spirit.

CCC 1285-1314

A religious congregation is an institute of consecrated life whose members historically professed simple rather than solemn vows. A Roman Congregation was one of the chief departments of the Roman Curia, now called dicasteries. The word also names the faithful assembled for worship.

The interior judgment of practical reason helping an individual recognize the moral quality of an action, urging them at the appropriate moment to do good and avoid evil.

CCC 1776-1802

The refusal, for reasons of upright conscience, to obey civil laws or commands contrary to the moral order, such as taking part in abortion or euthanasia. Public authorities should make equitable provision for those who refuse to bear arms, who remain obliged to serve the community in other ways.

CCC 2242, 2311

A permanent state of life in the Church entered freely in response to Christ's call to perfection, characterized by the profession of the evangelical counsels of poverty, chastity, and obedience.

CCC 914-933

Women who resolve to live in perpetual virginity for the sake of the Kingdom and are consecrated to God by the diocesan bishop through a solemn liturgical rite. Mystically betrothed to Christ and dedicated to the service of the Church, they may live in the world or as nuns.

CCC 922-924

The dedication of a person or thing to divine service. Specifically refers to the central Eucharistic Prayer at Mass when the Lord's words of institution transform bread and wine into Christ's Body and Blood.

CCC 1352-1354, 1377

An assembly of the cardinals convoked by the Pope and held under his presidency. An ordinary consistory consults on grave matters or celebrates solemn acts, such as approving canonizations and creating new cardinals; an extraordinary consistory gathers all the cardinals for special needs of the Church.

Expressing the fundamental truth defined at the Council of Nicaea that God the Son is of the same identical divine substance/nature as God the Father (Greek: homoousios).

CCC 242, 464

The heretical doctrine asserting that the Body and Blood of Christ coexist alongside the ongoing substance of bread and wine in the Eucharist (condemned by Fourth Lateran Council and Council of Trent; contrasted with Transubstantiation).

CCC 1376

A gaze of faith fixed on Jesus, a silent love in which the soul, beyond many words, rests in God's presence. A gift of grace, it is one of the three major expressions of prayer, with vocal prayer and meditation; Saint Teresa called it "a close sharing between friends".

CCC 2709-2711, 2715, 2724

A state of consecrated life characterized by prayer, silence, solitude, and meditation on God.

CCC 2687

Any action which, in anticipation of, during, or after the conjugal act, intends to render procreation impossible. The Church teaches it is intrinsically evil because each marriage act must remain open to life; periodic continence, which uses the natural infertile periods for just reasons, is morally legitimate.

CCC 2366, 2370, 2399

True interior sorrow and hatred for sin committed, accompanied by the firm intention not to sin again.

CCC 1451-1454

The residence where a community of religious sisters or nuns lives together under a common rule.

A ongoing movement of the heart toward God; a radical reorientation of one's whole life away from sin and toward Jesus Christ.

CCC 1427-1433

A term historically applied to someone entering the Church; modern Catholic usage emphasizes that all believers are called to ongoing conversion as a lifelong journey rather than a single destination.

CCC 1427-1428

A formal gathering of clergy or Church leaders assembled for a specific spiritual, educational, or administrative purpose.

A long, cape-like liturgical vestment fastened across the chest, worn by priests or deacons during Benediction, processions, and liturgical rites outside of Mass.

A square piece of blessed white linen laid on the altar upon which the Host and Chalice are placed during Mass.

The Solemnity of the Most Holy Body and Blood of Christ, celebrating the mystery and institution of the Holy Eucharist.

An official, solemn assembly of Catholic bishops from throughout the world, convened under the authority of the Pope to clarify doctrine or regulate Church discipline.

CCC 884

An assembly of bishops gathered to deliberate and decide on questions of faith, morals, worship, and discipline. An ecumenical council gathers the whole College of Bishops with the Pope, who convokes and confirms it; particular councils, such as plenary or provincial councils, serve the Church of a region.

CCC 884, 887

The renewal of the Catholic Church in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, in response to the Protestant Reformation, also called the Catholic Reformation. It included the Council of Trent, the founding of seminaries, the Roman Catechism, new orders such as the Jesuits, and saints like Charles Borromeo and Teresa of Avila.

A solemn, binding sacred agreement between God and His people (e.g., with Noah, Abraham, Moses, David), fulfilled and perfected in the New Covenant in Jesus Christ.

CCC 56-73

The disordered desire for what belongs to another, whether goods or spouse, forbidden by the ninth and tenth commandments. Covetousness of goods is the root of theft, robbery, and fraud, and is overcome by poverty of heart and trust in God (Exodus 20:17).

CCC 2514, 2534-2536

An informal term for a Catholic who was baptized as an infant and raised within the Catholic faith from childhood.

God's free act by which, out of nothing and according to His wisdom and love, He gave existence to all things visible and invisible. Creation is the common work of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, and God alone is Creator, who sustains and governs all that He has made (Genesis 1:1).

CCC 279, 290-292, 295-296

A small table placed in the sanctuary, usually at the side, on which the chalice, paten, cruets, corporal, purificator, and other items needed for Mass are kept before and after their use at the altar.

A formal, structured statement of essential Christian beliefs, such as the Nicene Creed or Apostles' Creed.

CCC 185-197

The pastoral staff carried by a bishop or abbot during liturgical functions, shaped like a shepherd's crook to symbolize his role as shepherd of Christ's flock.

The cross is the instrument of Christ's death, which became the sign of salvation and of Christian faith. A crucifix is a cross bearing the figure (corpus) of Christ crucified; a cross with the figure of Christ must be on or near the altar at Mass.

CCC 617, 1235

The minister, often an altar server, who carries the processional cross at the head of a liturgical procession, such as the entrance procession at Mass, and places it near the altar.

Small vessels of glass or metal holding the wine and water brought to the altar for the celebration of Mass. When Holy Communion is given under both kinds, a larger flagon or decanter holds the wine, which is poured into the chalices before the consecration.

Military expeditions from 1095 to the late Middle Ages, undertaken with papal sanction chiefly to recover the Holy Land and protect pilgrims and Eastern Christians. Many joined in sincere faith and penance, yet grave wrongs were also committed, such as massacres of Jews and the sack of Constantinople in 1204, which the Church has acknowledged with sorrow.

The administrative body of clergy and laity assisting a bishop in the pastoral and administrative governance of a diocese (or assisting the Pope in the Holy See).

CCC 873

The three-year arrangement of Sunday Gospel readings used in Mass: Year A focuses on Matthew, Year B on Mark, and Year C on Luke (John is woven across all three years).

The sleeved outer vestment worn by a deacon during liturgical celebrations, matching the color of the liturgical season.

(From Greek diakonos, "servant") An ordained minister belonging to the third degree of Holy Orders (below bishop and priest), ordained not unto priesthood but unto service in Liturgy, Word, and Charity.

CCC 1569-1571

An administrative grouping of neighboring parishes within a diocese, placed under the fraternal leadership of a Dean or Vicar Forane.

The Ten Commandments given by God to Moses on Mount Sinai, providing the fundamental moral law for humanity.

CCC 2056-2074

A solemn and infallible act by which the Pope speaking ex cathedra, or an ecumenical council in union with him, proposes a truth of faith or morals as divinely revealed and to be held by all the faithful, such as the dogmas of the Immaculate Conception (1854) and the Assumption (1950).

CCC 88, 891

In canon law, an external violation of a law or precept, gravely imputable to the person by malice or culpable negligence, to which a canonical penalty is attached, such as procuring an abortion. Penalties aim at the repentance of the offender, the restoration of justice, and the repair of scandal.

A term used, especially in English, for a distinct organized body of Christians, such as Lutherans, Methodists, or Baptists. Catholic teaching speaks of Churches and ecclesial communities not in full communion, whose baptized members are brothers and sisters in Christ, and in which many elements of sanctification and truth are found.

CCC 817-819, 838

The divine truth and revelation contained in both Sacred Scripture and Sacred Tradition, entrusted by Christ to the Church to preserve and proclaim.

CCC 84, 175

The article of the Apostles' Creed professing that after His death Christ, in His soul united to His divine Person, went down to the realm of the dead (Sheol or Hades), not the hell of the damned, to free the just who had gone before Him (1 Peter 3:18-19).

CCC 631-635

The deliberate abandonment of hope for salvation and forgiveness, considering one's sins beyond God's mercy; a sin against the theological virtue of Hope.

CCC 2091

The sin of revealing another person's real but hidden faults or sins to someone who has no legitimate reason to know, damaging their good name.

CCC 2477, 2479

The seven books of the Old Testament (Tobit, Judith, 1 & 2 Maccabees, Wisdom, Sirach, Baruch, plus additions to Esther and Daniel) recognized as inspired Sacred Scripture by the Catholic Church, but excluded from the Protestant canon.

CCC 120

The growth, under the guidance of the Holy Spirit, in the Church's understanding of revealed truth, through the contemplation and study of believers, their spiritual experience, and the preaching of the bishops. Revelation itself is complete; doctrine develops in clarity and expression without change in its meaning.

CCC 66, 94

A pious religious practice, prayer, or traditional custom (such as the Rosary or Novenas) that fosters love of God, honor to Mary, and veneration of the saints.

CCC 1674-1675

The name for each principal department of the Roman Curia, such as the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith. Under the apostolic constitution Praedicate Evangelium (2022), the former congregations and pontifical councils became dicasteries, juridically equal, assisting the Pope in his ministry.

The priest or bishop elected by the college of consultors, within eight days of a diocese becoming vacant, to govern it temporarily until the new bishop takes possession. He must be at least thirty-five years old, and nothing may be innovated while the see is vacant.

A bishop entrusted with the pastoral care of a diocese, which he governs in Christ's name with power that is proper, ordinary, and immediate, as its teacher, priest, and shepherd. He is the visible source of unity in his particular Church and is not a mere vicar of the Pope.

CCC 886, 894-896

A diocesan (secular) priest is incardinated in a diocese and serves under its bishop, usually in parishes. A religious (regular) priest belongs to a religious institute, professes vows, lives under its rule (regula), and serves where his superiors assign him, with faculties from the local bishop.

A particular church or defined geographical territory containing parishes under the pastoral care and authority of a bishop ordained in apostolic succession.

CCC 833

A circumstance or condition established by divine or ecclesiastical law that renders a marriage invalid from its beginning.

CCC 1625-1632

From the Latin for "unshod"; describes religious orders or branches whose members go barefoot or wear only sandals as a sign of poverty and penance, such as the Discalced Carmelites, reformed by Saint Teresa of Avila and Saint John of the Cross.

The prayerful process of discovering God's divine will in a particular decision, vocation, or state of life.

CCC 2690

A follower and student of Jesus Christ who accepts His teachings and strives to conform their life to His example.

CCC 520, 1816

In Catholic moral theology, an orientation, desire, or action that deviates from its natural, God-given end or moral purpose.

CCC 1755, 2357

The relaxation of a merely ecclesiastical law in a particular case, granted by competent authority for a just and reasonable cause, such as a dispensation from the impediment of disparity of cult for marriage. No one can dispense from divine law or natural law.

CCC 1635

The spiritual readiness, interior faith, and state of soul necessary to receive the grace of a Sacrament fruitfully.

CCC 1128, 1131

Wandering attention during prayer or divine worship, drawing the mind away from God.

CCC 2729

The condescension and pedagogical strategy of God revealing Himself to humanity using human language, concepts, and historical contexts suited to human understanding.

CCC 101

God's loving-kindness, infinite compassion, and willingness to forgive sinners and heal human misery, celebrated especially on Divine Mercy Sunday.

CCC 210-211, 1849

The official daily prayer of the Church, consisting of psalms, scripture readings, and hymns recited at specific canonical hours.

CCC 1174-1178

God's voluntary self-disclosure to humanity, revealing His divine nature and saving plan across history, culminating in Jesus Christ.

CCC 50-67

The claim to dissolve a valid marriage. A ratified and consummated marriage between baptized persons cannot be dissolved by any human power or for any reason other than death; divorce is a grave offense against the natural law, though civil divorce may be tolerated to secure certain legal rights (Mark 10:9-12).

CCC 1650, 2382-2386

A saint recognized by the Pope for exceptional theological insight, holiness of life, and significant contributions to Church doctrine.

The knowledge, principles, and official body of teachings imparted by the Church regarding faith and morals.

CCC 88-90

A truth of faith explicitly revealed by God, handed down from the Apostles, and defined by the Magisterium as divinely revealed and binding on all believers.

CCC 88-90

An ancient name, used by the Second Vatican Council, for the Christian family (Ecclesia domestica). It is a community of faith, hope, and charity, where parents are the first heralds of the faith and all members exercise the baptismal priesthood through prayer, sacraments, and love.

CCC 1655-1658, 2204

A solemn formula or hymn of praise offered to the Holy Trinity (e.g., the "Glory Be" or the Eucharistic ending "Through Him, with Him, in Him...").

CCC 2639, 2855

A lay or religious minister appointed to direct parish religious education, catechism classes, and sacramental preparation programs.

The greatest solemnity of the liturgical year, celebrating the bodily Resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead.

CCC 1168-1169

The 50-day period of liturgical joy beginning on Easter Sunday and culminating on the Feast of Pentecost.

The three sacred days spanning Holy Thursday evening (Mass of the Lord's Supper) to Easter Sunday evening prayer, commemorating Christ's Passion, Death, and Resurrection.

CCC 1168

The celebration of the Lord's Resurrection held after nightfall on Holy Saturday, the greatest of all vigils. It comprises the Service of Light with the Paschal candle and the Exsultet, the Liturgy of the Word, the Baptismal Liturgy with the renewal of baptismal promises, and the Liturgy of the Eucharist.

CCC 647, 1217, 1254

The Churches sui iuris in full communion with the Pope that follow the liturgical, theological, and canonical traditions of the East, such as the Byzantine, Syriac, Coptic, Armenian, Maronite, and Chaldean traditions. They are equal in dignity to the Latin Church and follow the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches.

CCC 835, 1202-1203

Pertaining to or characteristic of the Church.

Belonging to, associated with, or relating to the Church structure, governance, or clergy.

The theological study of the origin, nature, structure, mission, and sacraments of the Church.

God's overarching plan and works across history by which He reveals Himself and redeems humanity.

CCC 258, 1066

The initiative and ongoing efforts to foster dialogue, understanding, and visible unity among all Christian churches and denominations.

CCC 820-822

In the Order of Christian Initiation of Adults (OCIA), catechumens who celebrate the Rite of Election on the First Sunday of Lent, affirming their selection by God for the Easter sacraments.

Twelve specific days of prayer, fasting, and abstinence distributed across the four seasons of the year to offer thanks for harvest and pray for holy vocations.

The title of honor reserved to the cardinals of the Holy Roman Church since 1630, used in address ("Your Eminence") and in reference ("His Eminence").

A Hebrew name meaning "God is with us," foretold by Isaiah and applied to Jesus Christ in the Gospel of Matthew (Matthew 1:23).

CCC 712

The part of a religious house reserved to its members, which outsiders may not enter except as the law allows, and which members leave only for legitimate reasons. Contemplative nuns observe a stricter papal enclosure as a sign of their total dedication to God.

An official pastoral letter written by the Pope addressed to the bishops and faithful of the global Church regarding important doctrinal, social, or moral issues.

The procession of the priest and ministers to the altar at the beginning of Mass, accompanied by the Entrance Chant. The chant opens the celebration, fosters the unity of the assembly, and introduces the mystery of the season or feast; without singing, the entrance antiphon is recited.

A capital sin: sadness at the sight of another's goods and the immoderate desire to acquire them for oneself, even unjustly. It is mortal when it wishes grave harm to a neighbor; it is overcome by good will, humility, and rejoicing in a brother's progress.

CCC 1866, 2538-2540

In the Eastern Churches, a particular church corresponding to a diocese in the Latin Church, governed by a bishop called an eparch.

CCC 833

The invocation of the Holy Spirit during the Mass (and other sacraments), asking God to send down His Spirit to transform the bread and wine into Christ's Body and Blood.

CCC 1105, 1353

The solemn feast (Jan. 6th or adjacent Sunday) celebrating Christ's manifestation as Savior to the Gentiles (Magi), His baptism in the Jordan, and His first miracle at Cana.

CCC 528

A priest or auxiliary bishop appointed by the diocesan bishop with the same ordinary executive power as a vicar general, but limited to a certain part of the diocese, a certain type of affairs, or the faithful of a particular rite or group.

The collective body of all validly ordained bishops throughout the universal Church in union with the Pope.

CCC 880-887

A letter of the New Testament written by an Apostle or his companion to a community or person, such as the letters of Saint Paul and the Catholic Epistles. In the liturgy, "Epistle" traditionally names the reading from these letters before the Gospel, now usually the Second Reading on Sundays.

A form of consecrated life in which a hermit devotes his or her life to the praise of God and the salvation of the world through stricter separation from the world, the silence of solitude, prayer, and penance. Church law recognizes a hermit who publicly professes the evangelical counsels before the diocesan bishop.

CCC 920-921

The branch of theology concerning the "last things": death, judgment, Heaven, Hell, Purgatory, and the final resurrection at Christ's Second Coming.

CCC 1020-1050

The unending life of communion with God that Christ offers to all who believe in Him, begun already through grace and brought to fulfillment in the vision of God in heaven. It is the final article of the Creed (John 17:3).

CCC 1020, 1023-1024

Existence without beginning or end; a divine attribute belonging to God alone, as well as the unending duration of human souls after death.

CCC 220

(From Greek eucharistia, "thanksgiving") The central sacrament and Holy Sacrifice of the Mass in which Jesus Christ is truly, really, and substantially present under the species of bread and wine.

CCC 1322-1419

Prayer and worship offered to Jesus Christ, truly present in the consecrated Host, outside of Mass, whether before the tabernacle or before the Blessed Sacrament exposed. It extends the adoration given during the Eucharistic celebration.

CCC 1378-1380, 1418

A gathering of clergy, religious, and laity, held at the international, national, or local level, to deepen faith in and devotion to the Holy Eucharist through the celebration of Mass, adoration, processions, and teaching. International Eucharistic Congresses have been held since 1881.

The central prayer of thanksgiving and consecration recited by the priest during Mass (Anaphora).

CCC 1352-1354

An act or omission which, of itself or by intention, causes the death of handicapped, sick, or dying persons in order to eliminate suffering. It is murder and gravely wrong; refusing burdensome or disproportionate treatment and using painkillers that may shorten life are not euthanasia.

CCC 2277-2279

The vows of Poverty, Chastity, and Obedience embraced by individuals in consecrated religious life as recommended by Jesus for spiritual perfection.

CCC 914-933

A proclaimer of the Gospel message; specifically applied to the four human authors of the Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John).

CCC 125

(From Greek euangelion, "good news") The proclamation of Jesus Christ and His Gospel in word and deed to invite souls into faith and salvation.

CCC 848, 905

The first woman, wife of Adam and "mother of all the living," created in original holiness and justice. Though she disobeyed God, she received the promise of a victorious offspring, and the Fathers call Mary the "New Eve" whose obedience undid Eve's disobedience (Genesis 3:20).

CCC 375, 489, 494

The absence or privation of a good that ought to be present. Physical evil comes with a creation still on its way to perfection, while moral evil (sin) comes from the free choice of angels and men; God permits evil only to draw a greater good from it.

CCC 309-311, 385

A Latin phrase meaning "from the chair." Refers to when the Pope speaks with supreme apostolic authority to define a doctrine concerning faith or morals, exercising papal infallibility.

CCC 891

Latin for "out of nothing." The truth of faith that God created the universe freely, without any pre-existent matter or help, and without creation being an emanation from His own substance (2 Maccabees 7:28).

CCC 296-298

Prayerful reflection on one's thoughts, words, deeds, and omissions in the light of God's word and law, especially in preparation for the Sacrament of Penance. The daily Examen is a form of this practice commended by St. Ignatius of Loyola.

CCC 1454, 1779

In the Eastern Catholic Churches, an exarchy is a portion of the faithful not yet erected as an eparchy (diocese) and entrusted to an exarch, who governs it in the name of the pope or a patriarch. In Orthodox usage the title can also denote certain senior bishops.

The canonical act by which a cleric is released from the diocese or institute to which he belongs, so that he may be incardinated into another. A cleric may not be excardinated without being incardinated elsewhere, so that no cleric is left without a superior.

Permission granted to a member of a religious institute with perpetual vows to live outside the religious house for a time (up to three years by grant of the supreme moderator, longer only by higher authority), while remaining a religious bound by the vows. It may also be imposed by the Holy See for grave cause.

A severe canonical penalty excluding a person from participating in the sacraments, Eucharistic reception, or church governance due to grave offenses.

CCC 1463

The critical explanation and interpretation of Sacred Scripture to uncover the original historical context, literary meaning, and divine intent of the text.

CCC 109-114

The privilege by which certain religious institutes are removed from the jurisdiction of the local bishop and placed directly under the pope or another ecclesiastical authority, for the good of the whole Church. Exempt religious still collaborate with the diocesan bishop in his pastoral work.

CCC 927

The liberation of Israel from slavery in Egypt under Moses, culminating in the covenant at Mount Sinai; also the second book of the Bible, which recounts it. The Church sees the Exodus and the Passover as prefiguring Christ's saving Passover and Baptism.

CCC 62, 1363, 2057

A prayer and liturgical rite of the Church invoking authority in Jesus' name to protect or deliver a person, place, or object from demonic influence or possession.

CCC 1673

The act of making satisfaction or reparation for sin and guilt through sacrifice or penance.

CCC 1459, 1492

The placing of the consecrated Host, usually in a monstrance on the altar, for the adoration of the faithful. It may conclude with Benediction, in which the priest or deacon blesses the people with the Blessed Sacrament.

CCC 1378

The celebration of the Mass according to the liturgical books used prior to the Second Vatican Council, characterized by the use of Latin, ad orientem posture, and traditional chants.

A layperson, religious, or instituted acolyte who assists in distributing Holy Communion when ordinary ministers (bishops, priests, and deacons) are lacking or insufficient for the number of communicants. The correct term is "extraordinary," since only the ordained are ordinary ministers.

CCC 903

An authorization, granted by Church law or by competent authority, to perform certain acts validly or lawfully, such as hearing confessions, administering Confirmation, preaching, or assisting at marriages. For example, a priest needs the faculty of absolving to forgive sins in the Sacrament of Penance.

CCC 1313, 1495

The theological virtue by which we believe and trust in God and in all that He has revealed through the Church.

CCC 153-165, 1814-1816

The first sin of Adam and Eve, who, tempted by the devil, disobeyed God's command and lost the original holiness and justice they had received for themselves and all humanity. The Genesis account uses figurative language but affirms a real event at the beginning of human history (Genesis 3:1-24).

CCC 390, 397-400

Restricting food and drink as an act of interior penance and spiritual self-mastery in imitation of Christ's 40 days in the desert. Church law prescribes one full meal and two smaller meals on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday.

CCC 1434, 2042

One of the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit, instilling reverential awe and respect for God's majesty and a desire to avoid offending Him.

CCC 1831

A liturgical celebration on the Church calendar honoring a mystery of salvation, the Virgin Mary, or a specific saint, offering models of Christian virtue.

CCC 1173

Latin for "let it be done." Refers specifically to Mary's free, obedient consent to the Archangel Gabriel at the Annunciation ("Let it be done to me according to your word").

CCC 494, 2617

Latin for "and the Son"; a phrase added to the Nicene Creed in the Western Church expressing that the Holy Spirit eternally proceeds from the Father and the Son.

CCC 246-248

The solemn hymn of praise concluding the Eucharistic Prayer ("Through him, and with him, and in him..."), sung or said by the priest while elevating the Body and Blood of Christ and answered by the Great Amen. The term also names the acclamation "For the kingdom, the power and the glory are yours".

CCC 2855

A baptized person's first reception of the Holy Eucharist. In the Latin Church, children receive it after reaching the age of reason and suitable preparation, including first Confession; in the Eastern Churches, infants receive Communion at Baptism together with Chrismation.

CCC 1244

The devotion of attending Mass and receiving Holy Communion in reparation on the first Friday of each month, in honor of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, especially for nine consecutive months, according to the promises made known through St. Margaret Mary Alacoque.

The five arguments of St. Thomas Aquinas for the existence of God, reasoning from motion, efficient causality, contingency, degrees of perfection, and the order of nature. They are converging arguments of reason, not proofs in the sense of the natural sciences.

CCC 31-32

The essential words or prayer spoken by the minister during a Sacrament that confer its specific sacramental effect and give meaning to the physical matter (e.g., "I baptize you...").

Sexual union between an unmarried man and an unmarried woman. It is gravely contrary to the dignity of persons and of human sexuality, which is ordered to the good of spouses and to the procreation and education of children.

CCC 2353

The cardinal virtue that ensures firmness in difficulties and constancy in the pursuit of the good, strengthening resolve to resist temptation and overcome fear.

CCC 1808

A period of about forty hours of continuous prayer before the Blessed Sacrament exposed, recalling the time Christ's body lay in the tomb. It was spread in the sixteenth century by St. Philip Neri and others and is often held annually in parishes.

The four essential areas of Christian formation in OCIA: Word (catechesis), Worship (liturgy/prayer), Community (fellowship), and Service (apostolic work).

The God-given human capacity rooted in reason to choose freely between good and evil, making human beings morally responsible for their voluntary actions.

CCC 1730-1738

A member of a mendicant religious order (such as the Franciscans, Dominicans, or Augustinians) who combines monastic communal prayer with active ministry among the public.

The obligation to do penance on every Friday of the year in memory of the Lord's death, by abstaining from meat or, where the conference of bishops permits, by another act of penance, charity, or piety. Solemnities falling on a Friday are excepted.

CCC 1438, 2043

The twelve spiritual virtues or qualities produced in the soul through life in the Spirit (charity, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, generosity, gentleness, faithfulness, modesty, self-control, chastity).

CCC 1832

The complete unity with the Catholic Church of the baptized who are joined to her visible structure by the bonds of the profession of faith, the sacraments, and ecclesiastical governance under the pope and bishops. Other Christians are in real but imperfect communion with her.

CCC 815, 837-838

The Mass celebrated for a deceased person as the central rite of the Church's funeral liturgy, which also includes the vigil and the committal at the grave. It commends the dead to God and expresses the Paschal hope of resurrection.

CCC 1684-1686

A biblical term used by Jesus referring to the place of eternal punishment and separation from God (Hell).

CCC 1034

Absolution given at once to several penitents without prior individual confession, permitted only in grave necessity such as imminent danger of death. Those absolved must intend to confess their grave sins individually in due time.

CCC 1483

The official document containing the guidelines, rules, and theological explanations for celebrating the Mass according to the Roman Rite.

The prayers offered during Mass following the Creed, asking God's blessing upon the Church, government leaders, the sick, local needs, and the deceased.

CCC 1349

The first book of the Bible, which recounts the creation of the world and of humanity, the fall, the flood, and the history of the patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph. Its first three chapters have a unique place in the Church's teaching on creation.

CCC 289, 390

Touching one's right knee to the ground as a solemn sign of adoration and reverence when passing before the Blessed Sacrament reserved in the tabernacle.

CCC 1378

The seven spiritual gifts bestowed upon believers at Baptism and strengthened in Confirmation: wisdom, understanding, counsel, fortitude, knowledge, piety, and fear of the Lord.

CCC 1830-1831

The ancient hymn "Glory to God in the highest," which opens with the song of the angels at Christ's birth and praises the Father and the Lamb. It is sung or said at Mass on Sundays outside Advent and Lent, on solemnities and feasts, and at solemn celebrations (Luke 2:14).

An inordinate, uncontrolled desire for or indulgence in food or drink; one of the seven capital sins.

CCC 1866

The one, infinite, eternal Creator of all things, who has revealed Himself as "He who is," as love, and as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Three distinct Persons, God is one in being, each Person being God whole and entire.

CCC 200-202, 221, 253

The First Person of the Holy Trinity, Creator of all and origin of the Son, whom He eternally begets, and of the Holy Spirit. Jesus revealed that God is Father in a new sense, eternally Father of the Son and, through Him, of all the adopted children of God.

CCC 238-240

A sponsor who accompanies a baptismal candidate, making a solemn commitment to guide and support them in living a faithful Christian life.

CCC 1255

The Friday of Holy Week, commemorating the Passion and death of Christ on the cross. No Mass is celebrated; the Roman Rite holds the Celebration of the Lord's Passion, with readings, solemn intercessions, adoration of the Cross, and Holy Communion. It is a day of fasting and abstinence.

A title of Christ, who lays down His life for His sheep and knows them by name. Bishops and priests are to model their ministry on the Good Shepherd, especially in seeking out sinners in the Sacrament of Penance (John 10:11).

CCC 754, 896, 1465

The "Good News" of salvation in Jesus Christ; specifically refers to the four canonical Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John).

CCC 124-127

God's free, unmerited favor and divine life communicated to human souls, sanctifying us and empowering us to respond to our heavenly vocation.

CCC 1996-2005

Prayer of blessing and thanksgiving before and after meals, acknowledging that food is a gift from our heavenly Father. It is one of the daily rhythms of prayer that sustain Christian family life.

CCC 2698, 2834

The solemn "Amen" spoken or sung by the congregation at the conclusion of the Eucharistic Prayer, affirming the prayer of consecration.

CCC 1348, 1354

The two commandments in which Jesus summed up the whole Law and the prophets: to love the Lord your God with all your heart, soul, and mind, and to love your neighbor as yourself (Matthew 22:37-40).

CCC 2055, 2083

An angel assigned by God to protect, guide, and intercede for each individual human soul throughout their earthly journey.

CCC 336

The distinct, traditional attire worn by members of religious communities (monks, friars, nuns, and sisters).

To make holy, consecrate, or treat with deep reverence (as in "Hallowed be thy name").

CCC 2813

Eternal life with God; the state of supreme, definitive happiness and perfect communion with the Blessed Trinity, Mary, angels, and saints.

CCC 1023-1029

The state of definitive self-exclusion from communion with God and the blessed, reserved for those who refuse by free choice to repent of mortal sin.

CCC 1033-1037

The obstinate post-baptismal denial or doubt of a truth that must be believed with divine and Catholic faith.

CCC 2089

The theory and methodology of interpreting biblical texts, philosophical writings, and Church doctrines.

CCC 109-119

The Hebrew concept of God's enduring covenantal love, mercy, lovingkindness, and steadfast fidelity toward His people.

CCC 210, 211

Teachings or opinions that deviate from defined Catholic doctrine and orthodoxy.

CCC 2089

The sacred governance of the Church established by Christ, comprising the Pope and bishops in communion with him, exercising authority to teach, sanctify, and rule.

CCC 874-896

The principle that the truths of Catholic doctrine, while all to be believed, vary in their relation to the foundation of the Christian faith. The mystery of the Holy Trinity is the central truth from which the others draw their light.

CCC 90, 234

The formal title of honor given to the pope, as in "His Holiness Pope Leo XIV." It is also used for certain patriarchs of the Eastern Churches, and courteously for some leaders of other religious communities.

Designated feast days on which Catholics are required by Church precept to participate in Mass and refrain from servile work.

CCC 2042, 2180

A special door in the papal basilicas of Rome, and in other churches designated for the occasion, which is opened only during a Jubilee Year. Passing through it with faith symbolizes passage to Christ, the door of salvation, and forms part of the Jubilee pilgrimage.

An hour spent in prayer, especially before the Blessed Sacrament, in response to Christ's question to His apostles in Gethsemane: "So, could you not watch with me one hour?" It is often kept in reparation and is commended to priests (Matthew 26:40).

The three oils used in the sacraments and blessed or consecrated by the bishop, usually at the Chrism Mass: the Oil of Catechumens, the Oil of the Sick, and Sacred Chrism, which is used in Baptism, Confirmation, and Holy Orders.

CCC 1241, 1294, 1297, 1513

The Sacrament of Service through which men are ordained as deacons, priests, or bishops, receiving the grace and authority to serve the Church.

CCC 1536-1600

The day between Good Friday and Easter, when the Church waits at the Lord's tomb, meditating on His death and descent among the dead. No Mass is celebrated during the day; after nightfall the Easter Vigil begins the celebration of the Resurrection.

CCC 624-625, 635

The episcopal see of the Pope as Bishop of Rome and successor of St. Peter, constituting the central seat of worldwide governance for the Catholic Church.

CCC 871-896

The Third Person of the Blessed Trinity, eternally proceeding from the Father and the Son, who sanctifies and guides the Church.

CCC 683-747

The Thursday of Holy Week. Its evening Mass of the Lord's Supper, which begins the Easter Triduum, recalls Christ's institution of the Eucharist and priesthood and His washing of the disciples' feet; the Chrism Mass is often celebrated that morning. "Maundy" comes from mandatum, "commandment" (John 13:34).

CCC 1297, 1337

Water blessed by a priest or deacon and used by the faithful as a sacramental. Signing oneself with holy water, especially on entering a church, recalls Baptism and expresses a desire for purification from sin.

CCC 1185, 1667-1668

A basin containing holy water, placed near the entrance of a church, from which the faithful bless themselves as a remembrance of their baptismal promises. A smaller font may also be kept in the home.

CCC 1185

The sacred week from Palm Sunday to Easter Sunday, commemorating Christ's Passion, Death, and Resurrection, incorporating the Easter Triduum.

Preaching by an ordained minister at Mass to explain the Scriptures proclaimed in the liturgy and guide the faithful in applying God's Word to daily life.

CCC 1100, 1349

Sexual attraction, exclusive or predominant, toward persons of the same sex. The Church teaches that homosexual acts are contrary to the natural law and cannot be approved, while persons with this inclination must be accepted with respect, compassion, and sensitivity, and are called to chastity.

CCC 2357-2359

The theological virtue by which we desire the Kingdom of Heaven and eternal life as our happiness, placing our trust in Christ's promises and relying on the help of the Holy Spirit.

CCC 1817-1821

A Hebrew acclamation meaning "Save!" or "Give salvation!", with which the crowds greeted Jesus at His entry into Jerusalem. The Church takes it up in the Sanctus of the Mass (Matthew 21:9).

CCC 559

The thin, round piece of unleavened bread that becomes the Body of Christ upon consecration at Mass.

CCC 1355, 1377

The inherent worth of every human being, rooted in creation in the image and likeness of God and fulfilled in the call to divine beatitude. Every person is "someone," not "something," and must never be treated merely as a means.

CCC 357, 1700, 1929

The rights that flow from the dignity of the human person as a creature of God, beginning with the right to life. They are prior to society, which must recognize them, and they are the basis of the moral legitimacy of every authority.

CCC 1930, 2237

The moral virtue that enables a person to recognize their total dependence on God and refrain from excessive pride or self-exaltation.

CCC 2559

A song of praise to God, sung in the liturgy or in private devotion. Sacred song forms an integral part of the solemn liturgy, and hymns have a fixed place in the Liturgy of the Hours.

CCC 1156-1158

Theological terms for the honor given to creatures, distinct from the worship of adoration (latria) due to God alone. Dulia is the veneration given to the saints and angels; hyperdulia is the special veneration given to the Blessed Virgin Mary.

CCC 957, 971

A Greek word meaning "person" or "subsistence." The Church uses it to designate the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit in their real distinction, and teaches that in Christ there is one hypostasis, the divine Person of the Word, in two natures.

CCC 252, 468

The theological term describing the union of the divine and human natures in the one divine Person of Jesus Christ.

CCC 464-469

A sacred image, especially in the Eastern tradition, representing Christ, the Mother of God, the angels, or the saints. Made possible by the Incarnation, icons proclaim the Gospel in images, and the honor paid to them passes to the person portrayed.

CCC 1159-1161, 2131

The rejection and destruction of sacred images, especially the movement in the eighth and ninth centuries in the Byzantine Empire. The Second Council of Nicaea (787) defended the veneration of icons on the basis of the Incarnation.

CCC 2131

The sin of worshipping or divinizing a creature, object, or concept in place of the one true God; forbidden by the First Commandment.

CCC 2112-2114

Lack of knowledge for which a person is not responsible because it cannot be overcome by reasonable effort. It removes the guilt of an evil act, though the act remains disordered; ignorance that could and should be overcome (vincible) does not excuse.

CCC 847, 1793, 1860

A traditional sacred monogram representing the name of Jesus, derived from the first three letters of His name in Greek (ΙΗΣΟΥΣ).

Canonical terminology describing an action that is unlawful or performed contrary to Church regulations, though not necessarily invalid.

The Catholic dogma defined in 1854 declaring that Mary was preserved immune from all stain of Original Sin from the first moment of her conception.

CCC 490-493

The presence of God within His creation. Though infinitely greater than all His works (transcendent), God as Creator and first cause is present to every creature's inmost being, upholding it in existence.

CCC 300

The condition of not being subject to death. The human soul, created immediately by God, is immortal and does not perish when it separates from the body at death; it will be reunited with the body at the resurrection.

CCC 366, 997

The divine attribute of God being unchanging and unchangeable in His divine nature and perfection.

CCC 212

One of the four traditional qualities of a glorified body after the resurrection, rendering it free from physical suffering, disease, and death.

CCC 999, 1017

Circumstances defined by divine or Church law that make a person incapable of contracting marriage validly, such as a prior bond, close blood relationship, Holy Orders, or a public perpetual vow of chastity. Some impediments of Church law can be dispensed.

CCC 1625

A Latin phrase meaning "let it be printed," representing the official ecclesiastical permission granted by a bishop to publish a Catholic book or text.

The degree to which a person can be held morally responsible for an act. It can be diminished or even removed by ignorance, inadvertence, duress, fear, habit, inordinate attachments, and other psychological or social factors.

CCC 1735, 1860

The official canonical status placing an ordained priest or deacon under the jurisdiction and service of a specific bishop or religious superior.

The foundational mystery of faith wherein the eternal Son of God assumed human nature and became man in Jesus Christ.

CCC 461-463

A fragrant resin burned on hot charcoal during liturgical rites, producing smoke that symbolizes prayers rising to God.

CCC 2581

Latin for "it begins." The opening words of a text, by which it is customarily named, such as papal documents (for example, Lumen Gentium), prayers (the Gloria), and hymns.

The neglect of revealed truth or the willful refusal to assent to it; a sin against faith forbidden by the First Commandment.

CCC 2089

The divine guarantee that the Church, established by Christ, will endure until the end of time remaining faithful to her apostolic origin and truth.

CCC 889

The property of marriage by which the bond, once validly established, cannot be dissolved by the spouses or by any human power. A ratified and consummated marriage between baptized persons can be dissolved only by death (Mark 10:9).

CCC 1614, 1640, 2382

The remission before God of the temporal punishment due to sins that have already been forgiven in Sacramental Confession.

CCC 1471-1479

Beyond human expression; incapable of being fully described or grasped in words, especially regarding the mystery of God.

CCC 230

The truth that Sacred Scripture, inspired by the Holy Spirit, teaches firmly, faithfully, and without error the truth that God wished to be recorded for the sake of our salvation.

CCC 107

The gift of the Holy Spirit to the Church enabling the Pope (and bishops in union with him) to definitively proclaim a doctrine of faith or morals without error.

CCC 891

A sixteenth-century statue of the Child Jesus in royal robes, kept in the Church of Our Lady of Victory in Prague, and the devotion to the Holy Childhood of Jesus associated with it. Replicas are venerated throughout the world.

An individual taking part in the initial period of Christian initiation (pre-catechumenate), exploring the Catholic faith and Gospel message.

Church tribunals established from the thirteenth century to investigate and judge heresy, including the medieval, Spanish, and Roman Inquisitions. Their methods sometimes involved grave abuses, for which the Church has asked forgiveness; the Roman Inquisition's work passed to the present Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith.

The Latin acronym for Iesus Nazarenus, Rex Iudaeorum ("Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews"), placed above Christ on the Cross.

The divine influence of the Holy Spirit on the human authors of Sacred Scripture, ensuring that their writings express God's truth without error.

CCC 105-108

A community, canonically erected by the Church, whose members profess the evangelical counsels of chastity, poverty, and obedience. Religious institutes add public vows and common life; secular institutes are those whose members live in the world.

CCC 925, 928

The words of consecration spoken by Christ at the Last Supper ("This is my Body... This is my Blood") repeated by the priest at Mass.

CCC 1353

A prayer of petition offered to God on behalf of someone else, modeled on Christ's heavenly intercession and the prayers of Mary and the Saints.

CCC 2634-2636

The sharing of the Eucharist between Christians not in full communion. The Catholic Church does not generally permit it, as Eucharistic communion expresses full ecclesial unity, but allows certain exceptions under strict conditions, especially with the Eastern Churches.

CCC 1399-1401

The liturgical practice of dipping the consecrated Host into the Precious Blood prior to Holy Communion, performed validly by an ordained or extraordinary minister.

The opening part of the Mass, before the Liturgy of the Word: the entrance, greeting, Penitential Act, Kyrie, Gloria, and Collect. They gather the faithful into a community and prepare them to hear God's word and celebrate the Eucharist worthily.

A prayer calling upon God, or upon the saints for their intercession, often by name or title. The invocation of the holy name of Jesus is the simplest way of praying always, as in the Jesus Prayer of the Eastern tradition.

CCC 2665-2668

The vice contrary by defect to the virtue of religion. Its chief sins, forbidden by the First Commandment, are tempting God, sacrilege, and simony.

CCC 2110, 2118

The name given by God to the patriarch Jacob, and the people descended from him, chosen by God and bound to Him by the covenant of Sinai. Israel was called to prepare for the coming of the Messiah and the gathering of all nations into the Church (Genesis 32:28).

CCC 60, 62-64

The holy city of David and site of the Temple, where Jesus suffered, died, and rose again, and where the Church was born at Pentecost. Scripture also speaks of the "heavenly Jerusalem," the image of the Church and of God's dwelling with mankind at the end of time.

CCC 557, 583, 1044

An Advent devotion and image tracing the ancestry of Christ from Jesse, father of King David, with symbols of the people and events of salvation history added day by day. It takes its name from Isaiah's prophecy of a shoot from the stump of Jesse (Isaiah 11:1).

The Son of God, the Word made flesh, second Person of the Holy Trinity, and Savior of the world whose Passion, Death, and Resurrection redeemed humanity from sin.

CCC 430-455

The son of Zechariah and Elizabeth, the last and greatest of the prophets and the immediate forerunner of Christ, who preached repentance, baptized Jesus in the Jordan, and pointed Him out as the Lamb of God. He died a martyr.

CCC 523, 717-719

The husband of the Virgin Mary and the legal father of Jesus, a just man of the house of David who protected and provided for the Holy Family. He is patron of the universal Church and of a happy death (Matthew 1:18-25).

CCC 497, 532, 1014

A year of special grace, usually every twenty-five years, proclaimed by the pope, in which the faithful are invited to pilgrimage, conversion, and reconciliation, and may gain a Jubilee indulgence. It is rooted in the jubilee year of the Old Testament (Leviticus 25:10).

The religion of the Jewish people, the first to hear the Word of God and to whom belong the covenants, the Law, and the promises. The Church recognizes her unique spiritual bond with the Jewish people, whose faith is a response to God's revelation in the Old Covenant.

CCC 839-840

Particular Judgment occurs immediately at death, where the soul is judged by Christ based on faith and works. General (Final) Judgment occurs at the end of time at Christ's Second Coming when all dead will be resurrected.

CCC 1021-1022, 1038-1041

A qualified canon lawyer appointed by the bishop to preside over the diocesan ecclesiastical tribunal and judicial affairs.

The moral teaching setting strict conditions under which a nation may use military force in legitimate defense: the aggressor's damage must be lasting, grave, and certain; other means must be ineffective; there must be serious prospects of success; and the use of arms must not produce greater evils.

CCC 2308-2309

The cardinal virtue that consists in the constant and firm will to give God and neighbor their due.

CCC 1807

The gracious act of God through which a sinner is cleansed from sin, sanctified, and renewed through faith in Jesus Christ and the grace of Baptism.

CCC 1987-1995

The teaching that sinners are justified by God's grace received through faith in Christ, not by works of the law. Catholic teaching holds that faith is the beginning and root of justification, which is conferred in Baptism and brings inner renewal, faith working through love (Romans 3:28).

CCC 1987, 1991-1992

The "self-emptying" of Christ described in Philippians 2:7, wherein the eternal Son of God humbled Himself to take on human nature and die on the Cross.

CCC 461, 705

The core, foundational proclamation of the Gospel: "Jesus Christ loves you; he gave his life to save you; and now he is living at your side every day to enlighten, strengthen, and free you".

CCC 425

The authority Christ entrusted to Peter to govern the house of God, including the power to bind and loose, to forgive sins, and to make doctrinal judgments and disciplinary decisions. It is exercised by the pope and the bishops in communion with him (Matthew 16:19).

CCC 553, 1444

The reign and rule of God established through Jesus Christ, present now in the Church and awaiting ultimate fulfillment at the end of time.

CCC 541-550

Greek for "Lord, have mercy." An ancient invocation sung or said at Mass, with "Christe eleison" ("Christ, have mercy"), after the Penitential Act or as part of it. It also echoes the humble prayer of the tax collector.

CCC 2613

The official canonical process by which an ordained cleric is relieved of clerical duties and obligations, returning to the lay state.

CCC 1583

All baptized Catholics who are not ordained ministers or living in a formally recognized state of consecrated religious life.

CCC 897-913

A title given to Jesus Christ as the sacrificial Lamb who takes away the sin of the world (John 1:29).

CCC 608

A baptized Catholic who has ceased to practice the faith, especially by no longer attending Mass or receiving the sacraments. In the early Church, the lapsi were Christians who had denied the faith under persecution.

The sacraments given to a dying Christian: Penance, the Anointing of the Sick, and the Eucharist as Viaticum, which together prepare the faithful for their passage to eternal life.

CCC 1525

The final meal celebrated by Jesus with His Apostles on Holy Thursday evening, during which He instituted the Eucharist and Holy Orders.

CCC 1323, 1337-1340

The Church of the West, headed by the pope as Bishop of Rome, and the largest of the sui iuris Churches of the Catholic Church. Its principal liturgical rite is the Roman Rite, alongside others such as the Ambrosian Rite.

CCC 1202-1203

The participation of the laity in the saving mission of the Church, to which they are commissioned by Baptism and Confirmation. Laypeople carry it out individually or in associations, especially by bringing the Gospel into the ordinary circumstances of the world.

CCC 900, 905

An ancient gesture of blessing, healing, and conferring the Holy Spirit. It belongs to the essential rite of Holy Orders and is also used in Confirmation and the Anointing of the Sick.

CCC 699, 1288, 1573

An ancient practice of scriptural reading, meditation, prayer, and contemplation (lectio, meditatio, oratio, contemplatio) to foster intimacy with God.

CCC 1177, 2708

The official book containing the Scripture readings assigned for proclamation during the Mass and liturgical celebrations.

A layperson who proclaims the readings from Sacred Scripture, other than the Gospel, in the liturgy. The ministry of lector can be conferred permanently by institution, and other suitable laypeople may serve as readers when needed.

CCC 903, 1143

The right, and for those responsible for others the duty, to protect oneself or others from an unjust aggressor, even with force when necessary. Using no more force than necessary, the defender intends to preserve life, not to kill.

CCC 2263-2265

The 40-day penitential season extending from Ash Wednesday to sundown on Holy Thursday, dedicated to prayer, fasting, and almsgiving in preparation for Easter.

CCC 540, 1438

A theological movement that arose in Latin America in the 1960s, emphasizing God's preferential love for the poor and freedom from oppression. The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (1984, 1986) affirmed its concern for the poor while rejecting the use of Marxist analysis and a purely political view of salvation.

The canonical impediment of a prior bond, by which a person still bound by a valid marriage cannot validly contract another, even if the first marriage was not consummated. It ceases only with the death of the spouse or a declaration of nullity.

A traditional theological hypothesis (not a defined dogma) regarding the state of souls who die in Original Sin without personal fault, such as unbaptized infants.

CCC 1261

A form of prayer consisting of a series of petitions or invocations recited by a leader, followed by repetitive responses from the congregation.

The meaning conveyed by the words of Scripture and discovered by sound exegesis. It is the foundation of the spiritual senses (allegorical, moral, and anagogical).

CCC 115-116

The colors of vestments that express the character of the mysteries celebrated: white for Easter, Christmas, and feasts of the Lord, Mary, and non-martyr saints; red for Pentecost, the Passion, and martyrs; green for Ordinary Time; violet for Advent and Lent. Black and rose are also permitted.

The annual arrangement of seasons (Advent, Christmas, Ordinary Time, Lent, Easter Triduum, Easter) and feast days leading believers through the mysteries of salvation.

CCC 1163-1173

An expert in liturgy, its history, theology, and practice; also a person, such as a parish liturgy coordinator, responsible for preparing and overseeing liturgical celebrations in accordance with the Church's liturgical books.

The official, public, communal worship offered by the Church, encompassing the Mass, the Sacraments, and the Liturgy of the Hours.

CCC 1066-1075

The second main part of the Mass, encompassing the Offertory, Eucharistic Prayer (Consecration), and reception of Holy Communion.

CCC 1350-1355

The daily public prayer of the Church, consisting of psalms, hymns, scriptures, and prayers recited at specific canonical hours throughout the day.

CCC 1174-1178

The first main part of the Mass, consisting of Scripture readings, the homily, the Creed, and the Prayer of the Faithful.

CCC 1349

The diocesan bishop and those equivalent to him in law, together with the vicars general and episcopal vicars of a particular Church. Unlike "ordinary," the term excludes major superiors of religious institutes, who are ordinaries only for their own members.

A Greek term meaning "Word," applied to the Second Person of the Blessed Trinity, Jesus Christ, who is the eternal Word made flesh (John 1:1).

CCC 241, 454

The title by which the Greek Old Testament renders God's revealed name, YHWH. Applied to Jesus, it confesses His divinity and His sovereignty over the world and history, and it runs through Christian prayer (Philippians 2:11).

CCC 446-451

A biblical title of God (Hebrew YHWH Sabaoth), proclaiming Him the sovereign of the armies of heaven and of all creation. It is echoed in the Sanctus at Mass, where the Roman Missal renders it "Lord God of hosts" (Isaiah 6:3).

The prayer Jesus taught His disciples, consisting of an address to the Father and seven petitions. It is "the summary of the whole Gospel" and the fundamental Christian prayer, prayed at every Mass and in the Liturgy of the Hours (Matthew 6:9-13).

CCC 2759, 2761, 2765

An inordinate, uncontrolled desire for or enjoyment of sexual pleasure isolated from its unitive and procreative ends; one of the seven capital sins.

CCC 1866, 2351

The wise men from the East who followed a star to Bethlehem to worship the newborn King of the Jews, offering gold, frankincense, and myrrh. They represent the nations coming to Christ, celebrated at the Epiphany (Matthew 2:1-12).

CCC 528

The official, authoritative teaching authority of the Catholic Church, exercised by the Pope and the bishops in communion with him.

CCC 85-87, 888-892

The canticle of the Virgin Mary, "My soul proclaims the greatness of the Lord," sung at her visit to Elizabeth. It is the song both of the Mother of God and of the Church, and is prayed daily at Evening Prayer (Luke 1:46-55).

CCC 2619

The bread from heaven by which God fed the Israelites in the desert during the Exodus. Jesus revealed that it prefigured the Eucharist, the true bread from heaven that gives eternal life (John 6:31-35).

CCC 1094, 1334

The branch of theology that studies the Blessed Virgin Mary, her role in the mystery of Christ and of the Church, and the doctrines concerning her. What the Church believes about Mary is based on, and illumines, her faith in Christ.

CCC 487, 963

The four essential attributes defining the true Church of Christ as proclaimed in the Creed: One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic.

CCC 811-870

A witness who bears supreme testimony to the truth of the Christian faith by undergoing death for Christ.

CCC 2473-2474

The Mother of Jesus Christ, Mother of God (Theotokos), and Mother of the Church, venerated above all saints (hyperdulia).

CCC 484-511, 963-975

The central liturgical action of the Catholic Church, making present the unique sacrifice of Christ on Calvary and offering Holy Communion.

CCC 1322-1419

Specific prayers and intentions offered by the priest during Mass for individuals, living or deceased, requested by the faithful.

CCC 1371, 1414

The minister, ordained or lay, who plans and directs a liturgical celebration so that it is carried out with dignity, order, and fidelity to the liturgical books, especially at solemn and episcopal liturgies, guiding the other ministers.

The Sacrament that establishes a lifelong, exclusive, and indissoluble covenant between a baptized man and woman for their mutual good and the procreation and education of children.

CCC 1601-1666

The physical element or sensible action required for the valid administration of a Sacrament (e.g., water in Baptism, bread and wine in the Eucharist).

Prayers and practices honoring the Blessed Virgin Mary during May, traditionally called the month of Mary. They include the daily Rosary, Marian hymns and litanies, and the crowning of a statue of Our Lady with flowers (often called a May Crowning).

CCC 971

One who links or reconciles separate parties. Jesus Christ is the sole Mediator between God and humanity (1 Timothy 2:5).

CCC 618, 1544

A title given to the Blessed Virgin Mary, together with Advocate, Helper, and Benefactress, expressing her maternal intercession for us. Her role is wholly subordinate to the one mediation of Christ, from which it draws all its power and which it never obscures or diminishes.

CCC 969-970

A form of mental prayer in which the mind, imagination, emotions, and desire reflect on the Word of God and the mysteries of Christ, in order to deepen faith, convert the heart, and strengthen the will to follow Him, as in lectio divina or the Rosary.

CCC 2705-2708

The loving compassion and willingness to forgive shown by God toward sinners, as well as the duty of Christians to show compassion to others.

CCC 1849, 2447

The reward offered by God for good works performed under the influence of grace and charity.

CCC 2006-2011

From the Hebrew for "anointed one" (in Greek, Christos), the Savior promised by God to Israel. Jesus is the Messiah, anointed by the Holy Spirit as priest, prophet, and king, who fulfilled His messianic mission through His Passion as the suffering Servant (John 4:25-26).

CCC 436-440

A deep, profound transformation of mind and heart; true interior repentance and turning toward God.

CCC 1427-1433

An archbishop who presides over an archdiocese and exercises leadership over an ecclesiastical province comprising neighboring dioceses.

An ecclesiastical jurisdiction, juridically comparable to a diocese, that provides pastoral care for Catholics serving in a nation's armed forces and their families. It is headed by a military ordinary, usually a bishop, and served by priests acting as military chaplains.

Service rendered to God and His people in the name of Christ, who is the source of all ministry in the Church. It includes the ordained ministry of bishops, priests, and deacons, conferred by Holy Orders, and the instituted and other ministries exercised by lay faithful, such as lector and acolyte.

CCC 874-876, 903, 1143

Prayers, blessings, anointings, and exorcisms celebrated during the catechumenate period to strengthen candidates on their faith journey.

A supernatural sign or work performed by God, often through the intercession of Mary or the saints, that surpasses natural laws to display divine power or truth.

CCC 547-550

The official liturgical book containing the prayers, responses, and rubrics required for the priest to celebrate Mass.

The Church’s sending by Christ to proclaim the Gospel to all nations, rooted in the eternal love of the Holy Trinity and in the missions of the Son and the Holy Spirit. The Church is missionary by her very nature; the term also denotes a territory or post where she is newly being planted (Matthew 28:19-20).

CCC 849-852

A person sent by the Church to proclaim the Gospel, especially among peoples or in places where Christ is not yet known or the Church is not yet firmly established. Every baptized Christian shares in the Church’s missionary duty, but some dedicate their lives to it in a special way.

CCC 849, 852, 927

The tall, pointed two-peaked liturgical hat worn by bishops and abbots during sacred functions, featuring two hanging streamers (lappets) in the back.

A priest or delegate appointed by the bishop to coordinate administrative activities and oversee the daily operations of the diocesan curia.

A movement of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries that treated dogma as the evolving expression of religious experience rather than revealed truth, and subjected faith to the assumptions of secular philosophy and criticism. Pope St. Pius X condemned it in 1907 in the encyclical Pascendi Dominici Gregis, calling it "the synthesis of all heresies."

The virtue that inspires discretion, decency, and reserve regarding body dress, speech, and behavior, protecting the mystery of persons.

CCC 2521-2524

The dwelling of a community of monks or nuns living under a monastic rule, separated from the world for a life of prayer, work, and common life. A monastery is often governed by an abbot or abbess; its communities help the faithful share in the Liturgy of the Hours and in solitary prayer.

CCC 2691

A form of consecrated life, born in the East in the early centuries, in which monks or nuns withdraw from the world to seek God through prayer, work, asceticism, and life in common under a rule, such as that of St. Benedict or St. Basil.

CCC 925-926, 2687

A man who has professed vows in a monastic community, living under a rule in stability, prayer, and work, and devoted above all to the praise of God and intercession for His people. In the Eastern Churches, the monastic tradition has a central place in the Church’s spiritual life.

CCC 2687

Belief in and worship of only one God. Revealed to Israel ("Hear, O Israel: the LORD our God is one LORD") and confessed by Christians, it is fully compatible with faith in the Holy Trinity, the one God in three divine Persons (Deuteronomy 6:4).

CCC 200-202

An honorific title granted by the Pope to certain priests for distinguished service, in ranks such as Chaplain of His Holiness, Prelate of Honor, and Protonotary Apostolic. In many countries the title is also used when addressing bishops; it confers no additional power of orders or jurisdiction.

An ornate, golden vessel (from Latin monstrare, "to show") used to hold and display the consecrated Host for Eucharistic Adoration and Benediction.

The divine directives established by God instructing humanity on the path to goodness and ultimate beatitude.

CCC 1950-1974

The goodness or evil of human acts, judged by their conformity to reason and the law of God. The morality of a human act depends on the object chosen, the end or intention in view, and the circumstances of the action.

CCC 1749-1751

A grave violation of God's law committed with full knowledge and deliberate consent, destroying sanctifying grace in the soul and separating the soul from God.

CCC 1854-1861

Voluntary acts of self-denial, penance, and discipline performed to master selfish desires and grow in holiness.

CCC 2015

The great prophet and lawgiver of Israel, called by God from the burning bush, who led the people out of slavery in Egypt, received the Law on Mount Sinai, and interceded for them as a friend of God. He prefigures Christ, the one Mediator (Exodus 3:1-14).

CCC 62, 204, 2574-2577

A traditional title for the Church, who gives birth to her children to new life through Baptism, nourishes them with the Word and the sacraments, and teaches them the faith. The term also designates a cathedral or the original church from which other churches were founded.

CCC 169, 507, 2040

The mountain in the wilderness where God revealed Himself to Moses, established His covenant with Israel, and gave the Ten Commandments. It is also called Horeb, especially in Deuteronomy; there the prophet Elijah also encountered God in a still small voice (Exodus 19:16-20, 1 Kings 19:8-12).

CCC 62, 2060

The post-baptismal period in Christian initiation (from Easter to Pentecost) dedicated to reflecting on the sacraments received and integrating into full parish life.

CCC 1075

"The Mystery of Faith": the acclamation proclaimed by the priest and faithful immediately following the consecration during Mass.

A truth revealed by God that transcends human reason's full comprehension, though not contrary to reason.

CCC 50, 774

Mysticism is the intimate union of the soul with God, called "mystical" because it shares in the mystery of Christ through the sacraments and, in Him, in the mystery of the Trinity. All are called to this union; a mystic is one who receives it to a high degree, sometimes with extraordinary graces.

CCC 2014

The spiritual reality of the Church, in which Christ is the Head and all baptized believers are united as members.

CCC 787-795

The vestibule or enclosed entryway located directly inside the main entrance of a church building leading into the nave.

A personal parish established not for a territory but for Catholics of a particular nationality or language, so that they may receive pastoral care, the liturgy, and preaching in their own tongue and culture. Canon law provides for such personal parishes alongside territorial ones.

The universal moral principles inscribed by God upon the human heart and accessible through human reason.

CCC 1954-1960

The knowledge of God that human beings can attain with certainty by the natural light of reason from the created world and the human person. Because of sin this knowledge is difficult, so humanity needs God’s supernatural Revelation, which completes and surpasses it (Romans 1:19-20).

CCC 32, 36-38

The main body of a church building, between the narthex and the sanctuary, where the faithful assemble for the liturgy. Its name comes from the Latin navis, "ship," recalling the image of the Church as the ark of salvation.

The town in Galilee where the Annunciation took place and where Jesus lived the greater part of His life with Mary and Joseph, obedient to them and working with His hands. The hidden life at Nazareth sanctifies ordinary daily life and work (Luke 1:26-27, 2:51).

CCC 531-534

(From Greek for "new plant/sprout") A newly baptized person during their first year of full communion in the Catholic Church.

CCC 1248

The definitive covenant established by Jesus Christ through His blood on the Cross, fulfilling and perfecting the Old Covenant.

CCC 73, 580

The perfection on earth of the divine law, natural and revealed, given by Christ and expressed especially in the Sermon on the Mount. It is above all the grace of the Holy Spirit, an interior law of charity, which uses the sacraments to give us the strength to live it.

CCC 1965-1966

The twenty-seven inspired books of Sacred Scripture written after Christ: the four Gospels, Acts, the apostolic Letters, and Revelation. Their central object is Jesus Christ, and the Gospels form the heart of all the Scriptures.

CCC 120, 124-127

The solemn profession of faith formulated at the Councils of Nicaea (A.D. 325) and Constantinople (A.D. 381), recited at Mass on Sundays and Solemnities.

CCC 195

A formal declaration by an official Church censor stating that a book or publication contains nothing contrary to Catholic faith or morals.

Nine consecutive days of prayer offered for a specific intention or spiritual grace, modeled after the nine days the Apostles prayed before Pentecost.

CCC 2688

A person admitted to the novitiate of a religious institute, who begins the life of the institute under a director of novices in order to discern the vocation and be formed in its spirit. A novice is not yet bound by religious vows and may freely leave.

A formal period of spiritual discernment, study, and training undertaken before a candidate takes vows in a religious order.

An informal name (Latin, "new order") for the Order of Mass of the Roman Missal promulgated by Pope St. Paul VI in 1969 after the Second Vatican Council. It is the ordinary form of celebrating Mass in the Roman Rite today.

A woman who has taken solemn, perpetual vows in a cloistered religious order, dedicating her life to contemplative prayer.

CCC 918

A Ritual Mass within which the Sacrament of Matrimony is celebrated, normally the case for a marriage between two Catholics in the Latin Church. Its Nuptial Blessing, given after the Lord’s Prayer, invokes God’s grace and the Holy Spirit upon the new couple, especially the bride.

CCC 1621, 1624

The moral virtue and evangelical counsel that disposes a person to submit their will to legitimate authority and ultimately to God's directives.

CCC 144, 915

An oblation is an offering to God. An oblate is a person who offers himself to God in association with a religious community, such as a lay or secular oblate attached to a Benedictine monastery. The term also forms the name of several congregations, such as the Oblates of Mary Immaculate.

The official process through which unbaptized adults (catechumens) and baptized non-Catholics (candidates) are formed and received into full communion with the Catholic Church.

CCC 1232-1233, 1247-1249

The portion of the Mass in which the bread, wine, and gifts of the faithful are presented at the altar.

CCC 1350-1351

The chant or hymn sung during the Preparation of the Gifts at Mass, while the bread and wine (and gifts for the poor) are brought in procession to the altar and placed upon it. It continues at least until the gifts are placed on the altar.

Holy olive oil blessed by the bishop, used to anoint candidates before Baptism to strengthen them against temptation.

CCC 1237

Holy olive oil blessed by the bishop, used in the Sacrament of the Anointing of the Sick.

CCC 1513

The covenant made by God with the people of Israel through Abraham, Moses, and the prophets, preparing for the Coming of Christ.

CCC 54-64

The Law given by God to Israel through Moses, the first stage of revealed law, whose moral precepts are summed up in the Ten Commandments. Holy and good yet imperfect, it prepared for the Gospel and is fulfilled in Christ.

CCC 1961-1964

The forty-six inspired books of Sacred Scripture written before the coming of Christ, from Genesis to Malachi. Christians venerate them as the true Word of God, for they prepare for and announce Christ, and the Old Covenant has never been revoked.

CCC 120-123

The divine attribute by which God is present everywhere, not as one thing among others, but as Creator sustaining all things in being and present to His creatures’ inmost being, while remaining infinitely greater than all His works (Psalm 139:7-10, Acts 17:28).

CCC 300

The prayer said by the priest at the end of the Introductory Rites of Mass. After the invitation "Let us pray" and a moment of silence, he gathers (collects) the prayers of the people into one, expressing the character of the day’s celebration; the people respond "Amen."

The fixed structure and texts of the Mass as given in the Roman Missal (Ordo Missae): the Introductory Rites, the Liturgy of the Word, the Liturgy of the Eucharist, and the Concluding Rites. Its two principal parts form one single act of worship.

CCC 1346-1347

A bishop or religious superior exercising territorial or jurisdictional authority within the Church.

The weeks of the liturgical year outside the major seasons of Advent, Christmas, Lent, and Easter, providing opportunity to reflect on Christ's public ministry and daily Christian living.

CCC 1163

The liturgical rite of Holy Orders by which a man is consecrated as a deacon, priest, or bishop.

CCC 1538

The initial state of harmony, grace, and innocence enjoyed by Adam and Eve prior to Original Sin.

CCC 374-379

The fallen state of human nature inherited by all descendants of Adam and Eve, depriving humanity of original holiness and cleansed through Baptism.

CCC 396-409

The Eastern Churches not in full communion with the See of Rome, chiefly those separated since the eleventh century, together with the ancient Oriental Orthodox Churches. They possess true sacraments, above all the priesthood and the Eucharist by apostolic succession, and are joined to the Catholic Church in a profound, though imperfect, communion.

CCC 838, 1399

Sound, correct belief adhering to the defined doctrines and sacred tradition of the Church (contrasted with heterodoxy/heresy).

Historically, a person who worships many gods or follows a religion other than Judaism, Christianity, or Islam; from the Latin paganus, "country dweller." The Church calls all people to the knowledge of the one true God while respecting whatever is true and holy in their traditions.

A stiffened white linen square used to cover the chalice during Mass; also the large white cloth draped over a casket during a Catholic funeral.

A narrow band of white lamb’s wool marked with black crosses, worn over the chasuble around the shoulders by the Pope and by metropolitan archbishops. It signifies the metropolitan’s authority and communion with the Successor of Peter, and is given by the Pope, usually on the Solemnity of Sts. Peter and Paul.

The Sunday before Easter celebrating Jesus' triumphant entrance into Jerusalem, marking the beginning of Holy Week.

CCC 559

The supreme office, jurisdiction, and ministry of the Pope as the Successor of St. Peter and earthly head of the Catholic Church.

CCC 880-882

A short story or allegory drawn from everyday life used by Jesus to illustrate spiritual truths and the mysteries of the Kingdom of God.

CCC 546

A title for the Holy Spirit derived from Greek, meaning "Advocate," "Helper," "Comforter," or "Counselor" (John 14:16).

CCC 692

A biblical name for Heaven and the original state of innocence in the Garden of Eden.

CCC 374, 1023

A distinct community of Catholic faithful established within a diocese under the pastoral care of a pastor appointed by the bishop.

CCC 2179

A consultative body of clergy, religious, and lay faithful in a parish who, under the presidency of the pastor, help promote pastoral activity. The diocesan bishop decides whether to establish such councils; they are distinct from the parish finance council, which every parish must have.

CCC 911

A period of several days of special preaching, prayer, and opportunities for Confession, often given by a visiting priest or religious, to renew the faith and Christian life of a parish and call back those who have drifted from the practice of the faith.

The priest to whom a parish is entrusted as its proper shepherd under the authority of the diocesan bishop (in Latin, parochus; usually called the pastor in the United States). The term is also used broadly of any priest serving in a parish.

CCC 2179

The glorious Second Coming of Jesus Christ at the end of time to judge the living and the dead.

CCC 668-674, 1040

A diocese (or eparchy in the Eastern Churches), or a community equivalent to it, of the Christian faithful in communion of faith and sacraments with their bishop ordained in apostolic succession. In it the one, holy, catholic, and apostolic Church is truly present.

CCC 833-835

The unblemished lamb sacrificed and eaten by Israel at the Passover, whose blood marked the doors and spared the people. It prefigured Jesus Christ, the true Lamb of God, sacrificed for the sins of the world and given as food in the Eucharist (Exodus 12:1-13, 1 Corinthians 5:7).

CCC 608, 1340

The passion, death, resurrection, and ascension of Jesus Christ, by which He redeemed humanity.

CCC 571, 1067

The suffering underwent by Jesus during His agony in the garden, trial, flagellation, and crucifixion.

CCC 599-618

The Sunday before Easter, now officially called Palm Sunday of the Passion of the Lord, which opens Holy Week with the commemoration of Christ’s entry into Jerusalem and the reading of the Passion. Before the liturgical reform of 1969, the name designated the Fifth Sunday of Lent.

CCC 560

Emotions or movements of the sensitive appetite, such as love, desire, joy, fear, and anger, which incline us to act or not to act toward something perceived as good or evil. In themselves neither good nor evil, they become morally good or evil as they engage reason and will.

CCC 1763-1767

The annual Jewish feast commemorating Israel's liberation from Egyptian slavery, serving as the prefiguration of Christ's Paschal sacrifice.

CCC 1334, 1363

A priest (from Latin pastor, "shepherd") delegated by the bishop to exercise direct pastoral, spiritual, and administrative care over a parish community.

CCC 2179

The care of souls (cura animarum) by which pastors, in the name of Christ the Good Shepherd, teach, sanctify, and guide the faithful entrusted to them. The term also covers the works of service by which priests, deacons, religious, and lay faithful accompany people, especially the sick, the poor, and the grieving.

A letter addressed by a bishop to the faithful of his diocese, or by a conference of bishops to the faithful of its territory, to teach, exhort, or give guidance on matters of faith, morals, and Christian life.

A small plate, usually of precious metal, used at Mass to hold the bread that becomes the Body of Christ. With the chalice, it is a sacred vessel reserved for the celebration of the Eucharist.

An Old Testament father of faith (e.g., Abraham, Isaac, Jacob); also a high-ranking bishop presiding over an Eastern Catholic Patriarchate.

CCC 59-61

A saint chosen as a special intercessor and advocate for a person, profession, parish, or nation.

CCC 2156

A cross worn on a chain or cord over the breast by the Pope, cardinals, bishops, and abbots as a sign of their office. In some Eastern Churches, priests also wear a pectoral cross.

A 5th-century heresy denying Original Sin and asserting that human beings can achieve salvation through free will without divine grace.

CCC 406

Interior repentance expressed through prayer, fasting, almsgiving, and physical or spiritual works assigned by a priest in Confession to make amends for sin.

CCC 1434, 1459

The part of the Introductory Rites of Mass in which the community, after a brief silence, acknowledges its sinfulness, using the Confiteor or another form with the Kyrie, and the priest prays for God’s mercy. It does not have the effect of sacramental absolution.

The first five books of the Old Testament: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. Called the Torah ("Law") in Jewish tradition and traditionally attributed to Moses, they recount creation, the patriarchs, the Exodus, and the giving of the Law.

The solemn feast celebrated fifty days after Easter, commemorating the outpouring of the Holy Spirit upon Mary and the Apostles.

CCC 731-741

A scriptural title for the Church, emphasizing that all baptized believers constitute a chosen, priestly people (1 Peter 2:9).

CCC 781-786

A passage or section of Sacred Scripture taken as a unit, especially one appointed to be read in the liturgy. From the Greek for "a cutting around," the term is used for the readings arranged in the Lectionary.

The sin of making a promise under oath with no intention of keeping it, or of failing to keep a promise made on oath, and also of stating a falsehood under oath. It gravely dishonors God, the Lord of all speech, and compromises justice.

CCC 2152, 2476

A man ordained to the diaconate as a lasting rank of the hierarchy, not as a step toward the priesthood. Restored in the Latin Church by the Second Vatican Council and always kept in the Eastern Churches, the permanent diaconate can be conferred on married men.

CCC 1571

The continuous, uninterrupted exposition and adoration of the Blessed Sacrament 24 hours a day in a dedicated chapel or church.

CCC 1378-1379

The doctrine that Mary remained a virgin before, during, and after the birth of Jesus throughout her life. The "brothers and sisters of Jesus" mentioned in Scripture are understood as close relatives, not other children of Mary.

CCC 499-500, 510

Each human being, created in the image of God, a unity of body and spiritual soul, who is not just something but someone. The person is capable of self-knowledge, self-possession, and free self-giving, and is called by grace to a covenant with God.

CCC 357, 362-365

A jurisdiction, juridically comparable to a diocese, established under Pope Benedict XVI’s apostolic constitution Anglicanorum Coetibus (2009) for groups of former Anglicans entering full communion with the Catholic Church. It allows them to preserve elements of their Anglican liturgical and spiritual patrimony.

A canonical structure erected by the Apostolic See, composed of secular priests and deacons under a prelate, to carry out particular pastoral or missionary works; lay people may cooperate in its works by agreement. Opus Dei is the only personal prelature established to date.

The form of prayer in which we ask God for what we need, expressing our awareness that we are creatures dependent on Him. It begins with asking forgiveness and seeks first the Kingdom, then whatever is necessary to welcome it (Matthew 6:33).

CCC 2629-2633

A fixed bench, usually with a back and often a kneeler, on which the faithful sit and kneel in the nave of a church.

A Jewish religious movement of Jesus’ time, devoted to the faithful observance of the Law of Moses in letter and spirit and to the oral traditions of the elders. Jesus rebuked hypocrisy among some of them, yet shared their belief in the resurrection; St. Paul was a Pharisee (Philippians 3:5).

CCC 575, 579

One of the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit, which disposes us to honor God as our Father with filial love and to respect others as His children. The word also describes devotional practices, such as popular piety, that extend the liturgy without replacing it.

CCC 1831, 1674-1676

A journey made for religious motives to a holy place, such as a shrine, the Holy Land, or the tombs of the Apostles and saints. Pilgrimages evoke our earthly journey toward heaven and are special occasions for prayer and conversion.

CCC 1674, 2691

The practice of having more than one spouse at the same time. It is contrary to the moral law and to conjugal love, which is undivided and exclusive, and denies the equal personal dignity of husband and wife.

CCC 1645, 2387

The belief in or worship of multiple gods; forbidden by the First Commandment.

CCC 2112

A title derived from Latin (pontifex), referring to a bishop, and specifically to the Supreme Pontiff (the Pope).

CCC 882

The Bishop of Rome, Vicar of Christ, Successor of Saint Peter, and chief Pastor of the universal Catholic Church elected by the College of Cardinals.

CCC 880-882

A candidate in the first stage of formation for religious life (the postulancy), living with the community to test the vocation and prepare for admission to the novitiate.

The person appointed to promote a cause of beatification or canonization, who gathers documents and witnesses on the life, virtues or martyrdom, and miracles of a Servant of God and guides the cause through the diocesan inquiry and the Holy See.

Detachment from riches for the sake of Christ and the Kingdom, to which all the faithful are called as poverty of spirit, and which consecrated persons embrace by vow as an evangelical counsel. The term also denotes material want, which calls forth the Church’s love for the poor (Matthew 5:3).

CCC 915, 2544-2546

The form of prayer which most directly recognizes that God is God, glorifying Him for His own sake, beyond what He does, simply because He is. It reaches its fullness in the Eucharist, the "sacrifice of praise".

CCC 2639-2643

The raising of one’s mind and heart to God, or the requesting of good things from God. It is a gift of grace, a covenant relationship, and a living communion with the Holy Trinity, expressed in blessing, petition, intercession, thanksgiving, and praise.

CCC 2559-2565, 2626-2643

The prayer said by the priest after the period of silence or song following Holy Communion, in which he asks that the mystery celebrated may bear fruit in the lives of the faithful. It concludes the Communion Rite; the people respond "Amen."

The prayer said by the priest at the end of the Preparation of the Gifts, after the invitation "Pray, brethren," asking God to accept the gifts placed on the altar. It leads into the Eucharistic Prayer; the people respond "Amen."

The proclamation of the Word of God, especially by bishops, priests, and deacons, to call people to faith and conversion and to build up the faithful. In the liturgy it takes the form of the homily, which explains the Scriptures and exhorts the faithful to put them into practice.

CCC 875, 888, 1349

The initial period of Christian initiation (Period of Inquiry) characterized by initial evangelization, faith sharing, and welcoming.

Positive laws of the Church that guarantee the faithful the indispensable minimum of prayer and moral effort, such as attending Mass on Sundays and holy days of obligation, confessing one’s sins at least once a year, receiving Holy Communion at least during the Easter season, fasting and abstaining on prescribed days, and supporting the Church.

CCC 2041-2043

God’s eternal plan of salvation, in which He calls and destines the elect to share the image of His Son, while including in it each person’s free response to His grace. God predestines no one to hell, which requires a willful turning away from Him until the end (Romans 8:29-30).

CCC 600, 1037

The opening part of the Eucharistic Prayer, in which the priest, after the dialogue with the people ("The Lord be with you... Lift up your hearts... Let us give thanks to the Lord our God"), gives thanks to the Father for His works of creation, redemption, and sanctification. It concludes with the Sanctus.

CCC 1352

The Church’s special love and concern for the poor, the oppressed, and the suffering, which she has never ceased to work to relieve, defend, and liberate. Drawn from Christ’s own compassion, it shapes Christian social teaching and the choices of every disciple.

CCC 2443-2448

A cleric, usually a bishop, who exercises ordinary power of governance over a portion of the faithful, such as a diocese, territorial prelature, or personal prelature. An honorary prelate (Prelate of Honor of His Holiness) is a priest given this title by the Pope, with the style of Monsignor.

The rite beginning the Liturgy of the Eucharist, in which the bread and wine, sometimes brought in procession together with gifts for the poor, are placed on the altar. The priest offers them in Christ’s name, for they will become His Body and Blood.

CCC 1350-1351

A priest; "presbyterium" refers collectively to the body of priests serving within a diocese under their bishop.

CCC 1554, 1562

A body of priests representing the presbyterate of a diocese, which canon law requires in every diocese, to act as the bishop’s senate and to aid him in governing the diocese for the pastoral good of the faithful. Its role is ordinarily consultative.

The area of the sanctuary surrounding the altar, reserved for the clergy and ministers. In some English-speaking countries, the term also denotes the residence of the parish priests (a rectory), and it is sometimes used for the body of priests of a diocese (the presbyterium).

Ritual actions during the Period of Purification in OCIA wherein the Elect are presented with the Creed and the Lord's Prayer.

A sin against Hope wherein a person expects salvation without personal conversion or assumes God will forgive sin without repentance.

CCC 2092

An inordinate self-esteem or self-exaltation that rejects dependence on God; the root of all capital sins.

CCC 1866

A man ordained through Holy Orders who is granted care of souls, empowered to celebrate the Sacraments, and offer the Sacrifice of the Mass in persona Christi under his bishop.

CCC 1562-1568

The unique, eternal priesthood of Jesus Christ, the one Mediator and high priest of the New Covenant after the order of Melchizedek, who offered Himself once for all on the Cross. All other Christian priesthood shares in it and makes it present without diminishing it (Hebrews 7:24-27).

CCC 662, 1544-1545

The share in the priesthood of Christ that all the baptized receive, by which they offer their lives, prayers, and work as spiritual sacrifices. It differs in essence, not only in degree, from the ministerial priesthood, which serves it (1 Peter 2:5, 9).

CCC 901, 1268, 1546-1547

The full, supreme, and universal power of the Pope over the whole Church, received from Christ, who made Peter the rock and shepherd of the Church. As Bishop of Rome and Successor of Peter, the Pope is the perpetual and visible source and foundation of unity (Matthew 16:18-19).

CCC 881-882

The superior of certain religious communities. In monastic orders a prior is either the deputy of an abbot or the head of a priory; in orders such as the Dominicans, Carmelites, and Augustinians, he is the superior of a local house or, as prior provincial or general, of a larger body.

A revelation given to an individual after the close of public Revelation, such as an approved apparition. Private revelations do not belong to the deposit of faith and cannot improve or complete Christ’s definitive Revelation, but may help the faithful live it more fully in a given age.

CCC 67

The cross carried at the head of a liturgical procession.

The orderly movement of the faithful or ministers from one place to another as an act of worship, such as the entrance, Gospel, and Communion processions at Mass, or those of Palm Sunday and Corpus Christi. They express the pilgrim Church journeying toward God.